电磁悬浮微陀螺概述
2017-08-01王章波仇海涛米金泰
王章波,仇海涛,米金泰
(1.中船航海科技有限责任公司,北京100070;2.北京航天控制仪器研究所,北京100039;3.中国石化石油工程技术研究院,北京100101)
电磁悬浮微陀螺概述
王章波1,仇海涛2,米金泰3
(1.中船航海科技有限责任公司,北京100070;2.北京航天控制仪器研究所,北京100039;3.中国石化石油工程技术研究院,北京100101)
微陀螺具有体积小、功耗低等优点,但其精度目前仍然较低。在传统陀螺中,电磁悬浮陀螺的精度非常高,因此,对电磁悬浮微陀螺进行研究,有望获得高精度的微陀螺。介绍了电磁悬浮微陀螺的分类、原理、优缺点、结构以及研究现状。首先根据悬浮原理将电磁悬浮微陀螺分为基于磁吸力的电磁悬浮微陀螺、基于排斥力的电磁悬浮微陀螺、静电悬浮微陀螺、反磁悬浮微陀螺和超导磁悬浮微陀螺;然后分别介绍了每种电磁悬浮的悬浮原理和优缺点,以及每种电磁悬浮微陀螺的发展现状、样机结构和转子的悬浮旋转原理;最后,简述了电磁悬浮微陀螺的发展前景。
微陀螺;电磁悬浮;静电悬浮;反磁悬浮;超导磁悬浮
Abstract:Micro⁃gyroscopes have advantages of small volume,low power consumption.However,their precision is somewhat lower.Among traditional gyroscopes,the precision of electromagnetic suspended gyroscopes is best,so,resear⁃ches of electromagnetic suspended micro⁃gyroscope,may probably develop a high⁃precision micro⁃gyroscope.This review reports an overview of electromagnetic suspended micro⁃gyroscope,including categorizations,principles,advantages and disadvantages,structures and developments.First,electromagnetic suspended micro⁃gyroscopes are categorized into elec⁃tromagnetic suspended micro⁃gyroscope based on attraction force,electromagnetic suspended micro⁃gyroscope based on re⁃pulsion force,electrostatic suspendedmicro⁃gyroscope,diamagnetic suspendedmicro⁃gyroscope and superconductingmicro⁃gyroscope.Then levitated principles,advantages and disadvantages of each micro⁃gyroscope are introduced separately,as well as their developments,prototypes structures and principles of levitation and rotation of rotors.Finally,development tendency of electromagnetic suspended micro⁃gyroscope is evaluated.
Key w ords:micro⁃gyroscope;electromagnetic suspension;electrostatic suspension;diamagnetic suspension;super⁃conducting suspension
0 引言
陀螺是用来测量载体角运动的,与传统陀螺相比,微陀螺具有质量轻、体积小、便携性好、成本低、功耗低等优点,广泛应用于消费电子领域,例如手机、数码相机、玩具、机器人、汽车导航、可穿戴设备、虚拟现实等。根据不同的工作原理,微陀螺主要包括基于Coriolis效应的微陀螺、电磁悬浮微陀螺、基于Sagnac效应的微陀螺和基于核磁共振(NMR)的微陀螺4种[1]。
在传统陀螺中,电磁悬浮陀螺的精度非常高,并已成功应用于航空、航天、航海、交通运输、地质勘探、钻井开隧道等领域。……
