特弗设计与环境事务所

悉尼公园水资源再利用项目

特弗设计与环境事务所

20世纪90年代末及21世纪初，千年一遇的旱灾使澳大利亚经历了有史以来最恶劣的干旱时期。悉尼不得不远程调水以维持当地供水，这样的情况一直持续到2012年旱灾正式结束。

悉尼市已批准并将在未来实施“分散水资源管理总体规划 （2012—2030）”，该规划将作为“2030悉尼可持续发展计划”的一部分。规划重点在于通过一系列措施减少自来水的消耗和需求，措施包括雨水花园、植物系统、雨水回收和冷热电三联供植物系统（trigeneration plants）。

1 悉尼公园水资源再利用项目整体鸟瞰The Sydney Park Water Re-Use Project

2 悉尼公园水资源再利用项目总平面Sydney Park Water Re-Use masterplan

3 悉尼公园水资源再利用项目水资源收集平面图Sydney Park Water Re-Use water havesting plan

悉尼公园水资源再利用项目是城市综合水资源战略的一部分，是悉尼市迄今为止最大的环保项目，它将通过国家城市水资源和海水淡化计划（National Urban Water and Desalination Plan）同澳大利亚政府建立合作关系。该项目是“2030悉尼可持续发展计划”的组成部分，旨在通过当地水资源的收集和公园内水资源的再利用来满足城市10%的用水需求。基于澳大利亚东南部愈发不规律的降水模式预测，该项目提出了一个综合方案，以期未来几十年在其流域范围内为城市提供水资源应急供应 。与此同时，悉尼利用这一千载难逢的机会，通过这个基础设施建设项目将悉尼公园建造成一个兼具活力和环境资源的胜地，为公园注入了新生。

悉尼市委托特弗设计与环境事务所（Turf Design Studio & Environmental Partnership）带领的设计团队对该项目进行设计建造。设计团队擅长将设计、艺术、科学和生态等领域结合，进行多学科合作。由此产生的“圆桌会议”促进了设计对话的共享，与会人员包括阿鲁维姆公司（Alluvium）的水资源专家、特平＋克劳福德工作室（Turpin + Crawford Studio）的艺术家、蜻蜓环境有限公司（Dragonfly Environmental）的生态学专家、帕特里奇公司（Partridge）的工程师和本地风景园林师。设计景观公司（Design Landscapes）经验丰富，是当时负责这一复杂项目实施的景观承包商。项目最终成果呈现出的是一个集水资源再利用设施、娱乐和栖息地为一体的复杂系统，它讲述了水体处理的过程，赋予这个受人喜爱的公园新的维度。

目标

项目包含3个主要目标：

水资源管理：有效收集城市废水，提升水质并减少饮用水消耗。

景观与栖息地：加强公园现有水体间视觉与功能的联系。提升景观氛围、增加娱乐设施、美化景观环境并发掘栖息地价值。

展示与解说：通过景观中的设计和艺术表达，并结合身临其境的互动游戏与科普教育活动，向公众展示公园中水资源的处理过程。

方法

悉尼市政府和设计团队认识到项目设计中合作的重要性，合作设计可以充分挖掘项目和场地中的各种可能。

建立一套关键原则以指导项目的设计、发展与落成。

为人们提供一个场所：丰富公园使用者的生活体验。创造一个真实、健康的场所；将城市设计、环境、社区和绿色基础设施等进行叠加，为人们提供一个生活、学习和单纯停留的场所。

增加可持续性：保护并加强公园自然系统和地方生态系统。建立核心生物滞留系统，对从城市中收集的水资源进行处理。

建立联系：建立满足功能需求和设计逻辑的道路分级系统，提升公园的可达性，满足公园的流线组织。探索在人与水之间建立有机联系的可能，为人们提供新的自然环境和娱乐体验。

创建过程：通过生物滞留湿地完成并展示公园中水处理的过程。

结果

在过去20年中，通过人们的不断努力，悉尼公园从原来的工业废弃地和垃圾填埋场转变成了44hm2的公园，这对悉尼东南部社区的发展有着重要意义。

过去，来自200hm2上游集水区的所有雨水未经处理便流入蒙尼海峡（Munni Channel）、亚历山德拉运河（Alexandra Canal）和植物湾（Botany Bay）。由于暖季降雨量稀少和水流停滞等因素影响，悉尼公园中水体水质不佳，蓝绿藻、细绿萍和浮萍繁殖猖獗。

悉尼公园水资源再生项目通过贯通池塘和湿地，以增强水体循环；改善水质、提升视觉美感并保证水资源的有效贮存。

该项目计划平均每年转移8.4L雨水用于处理和再利用。水处理设施包括污染物收集装置、生物滞留系统（5 000m2）、湿地和现存池塘。用于灌溉的回收水还将经过过滤和紫外线消毒等进一步的处理。

对每年收集的3 000万L水进行循环使用，加强池塘水循环，改善艾伦·戴卫逊椭圆公园（Alan Davidson oval）和格林村（Village Green）的灌溉状况，同时为苗圃和悉尼市停车场的卡车清洗提供非饮用水。

项目还计划为悉尼公园以外的其他用水系统提供服务，包括附近的工业场地，例如混凝土搅拌站、金属回收商、工业洗衣设施和纺织品制造商；还包括未来的城市再开发项目，例如安石区域发展项目（Ashmore Precinct）和亚历山德拉运河项目。

项目正致力于减少饮用水的使用，改善池塘内水体水质及排放到亚历山德拉运河和植物湾的雨水径流质量，缓解目前在公园某些区域存在的洪水问题。

总体来说，新景观和栖息地的出现为社区带来了利益。该项目利用当地和区域水资源，在娱乐和环境两方面为公园使用者创造了新的体验。

4 悉尼公园水资源再利用项目种植策略Sydney Park Water Re-Use vegetation strategy

水资源经处理后，经由特平＋克劳福德工作室设计的“水瀑布”输送回威拉比湿地（Wirrambi Wetland）系统，与此同时这些“小瀑布”也对贮存的水体进行曝气增氧，这些过程是该项目的重要组成部分。

特平＋克劳福德工作室还与其他公司进行合作，包括特弗设计与环境事务所、阿鲁维姆公司。他们构思了水体“排气扇”—水从生物降解“稻田”到泻湖的转移，这一设计灵感来源于水体本身及其与地形、形式、地表面貌和动植物的相互作用。水体“排气扇”的作用仅体现在强降雨后两到三小时，指示出生物降解河床已满的情况。

5 悉尼公园水资源再利用项目栖息地策略平面图Sydney Park Water Re-Use habitat strategy plan

经过一段时间的“逐步适应”，项目现已完全投入运营，并与公园环境融为一体。随着新栖息地的创建和现有栖息地环境的保护与优化，公园内的动植物正茁壮生长。

该项目为“2030悉尼可持续发展计划”做出了重要贡献，促进了地方水资源收集和再利用，项目将通过建立地方工业的水循环网络，大力发展水资源再生利用。

未来预期

悉尼市政府正根据最近和过去的项目，对未来可能实施的一些举措进行研究，包括布置宠物狗戏水游乐设施或“水坑”，以及发掘在公园内建立永久性“城市农场”的潜力。最近，特弗设计与环境事务所帮助城市重建了C.A.R.E.S.儿童自行车赛道，设计综合考虑了自行车安全与游戏体验等因素。

星雨说：“我小时候，每年四月，祖姑婆会用她的小马车带我去洛阳城里小住一段时间，品新茶，看牡丹。姚黄魏紫其实没什么好看，我特别喜欢去洛阳的旅行。由风凌渡过黄河，华山的险峰像一朵朵巨大的莲花开放在远处的原野边上，泾水渭河在更远的地方蜿蜒缓流，嵩山间曲折的山路，路边的松树春天里发出的气味真好闻。在龙门看那些石窟中面目慈悲的佛像，在少林寺山门外看和尚们练拳，一路上霜雪销尽，阳光照着树木发出新芽，翠翠的，路边是不知名的野花，布谷和杜鹃在山林深处啼叫，野猪与鹿被惊吓得乱跑，有时候拉着马车的两匹马都会停下来，吸着山谷里爽利的空气，听成百上千的鸟合唱。”

这些举措既促进了雨水收集项目，也为悉尼公园的发展做出了突出贡献，实现了从后工业遗产和砖厂遗址到社区重要绿色基础设施的转变。项目不仅有效增加了公园的娱乐性、观赏性和生物多样性，而且在毗邻地区的可持续水资源利用中也发挥着关键持久的作用。

湿地将继续演替发展，不断美化公园景观环境，提升环境舒适度。新创建的栖息地多样性与弹性不断提高，原生植物群落趋向稳定，这将有利于巩固公园多层次与多维度的价值。

“我对特弗设计与环境事务所在悉尼公园水资源再利用项目中的杰出工作表示由衷的赞赏。这个项目实现了悉尼公园的雨水收集目标，为‘2030悉尼可持续计划’中当地水资源的收集和再利用做出了重大贡献。

作为联合顾问，特弗设计与环境事务所完成了公园的改造，对湿地和水处理的过程提出设想，并将其置入公园生态系统和城市社区中。

设计师通过堰坝、桥梁、小路和踏脚石对湿地链进行串联，并借此在公园中营造舒适愉悦的场所，将社区与自然联系起来。”

乔治·摩尔（Clover Moore），悉尼市长如是说。

“悉尼公园水资源再利用项目成功将可持续基础设施整合到一个高建成度的公园中，并使水资源再利用系统与原场地的条件完美结合。

项目团队所采用的合作方法确保了风景园林设计原则与工程技术、公共艺术、生态措施和娱乐设施的完美结合，创建了一个示范性的绿色基础设施，这有利于改善当地雨水系统，增加当地的栖息地面积，同时提升公园的娱乐价值。

该项目作为下一阶段的重点城市更新项目，已完成构思并得到执行，它将社区需求、可持续发展和对基础设施的需求结合起来，形成了一个具有科普功能的系统性场所，为人们提供了舒适愉悦的活动空间。”

（编辑/刘蓝蓝）

6 悉尼公园水资源再利用项目公共艺术策略Sydney Park Water Re-Use public art strategy

7 威拉比湿地—悉尼公园雨水收集系统上游蓄水池Wirrambi Wetland - The upper storage of the stormwater harvesting system at Sydney Park

8 俯瞰跌水瀑布古瓦里湿地Overlooking the cascades towards Guwali Wetland

9 悉尼公园跌水瀑布The cascades at Sydney Park

项目地址：澳大利亚，新南威尔士州，圣彼得斯区, 2044

项目面积：16 000m2

委托人：悉尼市政府

承包商：设计景观公司(Design Landscapes)

设计团队：特弗设计与环境事务所(Turf Design Studio & Environmental Partnership)、阿鲁维姆公司(Alluvium)、特平+克劳福德工作室(Turpin + Crawford Studio)、蜻蜓环境有限公司(Dragonfly Environmental)

设计日期：2012年2月开始

建成日期：2015年5月

摄影：图1、7～18、20～27©Ethan Rohloff；图19©Simon Wood；图28©Adam Hunter

翻译：遆羽欣

校对：张希

11 特平+克劳福德工作室设计的“瀑布”通过悬臂式陶质半管对水进行输送，向人们展示日常水处理过程中看不到的部分Turpin + Crawford Studio’s ‘Waterfalls’ delivers water flows through cantilevered terracotta half-pipe fingers and reveal the often-hidden processes of water

13 由特平+克劳福德工作室设计的户外陶管高架桥，与原场地的工厂和砖厂遗址相呼应，同时作为将水从生物滞留池输送至布玛拉湿地的管道Viaducts of open terracotta pipes, designed by Turpin + Crawford, echo the site’s industrial and Brickworks heritage, as well as functioning as a conduit for transferring water from the bioretention ponds into the Bunmarra Wetland

14 悉尼公园开放空间。土丘地形掩埋了原先的垃圾填埋地遗址Open space of Sydney Park. Clay capped landscape mounds conceal its landfill legacy

The Millennium Drought of the late nineties and early 2 000s brought to Australia its worst period of drought on record. Unwillingly, Sydney had to draw upon remote river catchments to maintain its water supply until the drought was declared officially over in 2012.

Looking to the future, City of Sydney endorsed and is implementing the Decentralised Water Master Plan (2012-2030) as part of Sustainable Sydney 2030. The plan is focused on reducing mains water consumption and demand through a number of approaches including rain gardens, vegetated systems, stormwater recycling and tri-generation plants.

The Sydney Park Water Re-Use Project is part of this comprehensive water strategy and forms the City of Sydney’s largest environmental project to date, built in partnership with the Australian Government through the National Urban Water and Desalination Plan. It is an integral component of Sustainable Sydney 2030; targeting 10% of water demand to be met through local water capture and re-use in the park. With climate change predictions of more irregular rainfall patterns in south-eastern Australia, the project demonstrates an integrated approach to prepare the city for the decades ahead and looks within its catchment to provide the much needed water supplies for the city. At the same time, the City also seized a once in a lifetime opportunity to use what was essentially an infrastructure project as a vehicle to breathe new life into the park—as a vibrant recreation and environmental asset for Sydney.

The City engaged a design team led by landscape architects Turf Design Studio & Environmental Partnership who orchestrated a multi-disciplinary collaboration inter-weaving design, art, science and ecology. The resulting‘roundtable’ facilitated a shared design dialogue between water experts Alluvium, artists Turpin + Crawford Studio, ecologists Dragonfly Environmental, engineers Partridge and the City’s own Landscape Architects. Design Landscapes were then the skilled landscape contractors responsible for implementing this complex project on the ground. The result is an interwoven system of water re-use, recreation and habitat that gives life to its water story, and an exciting new dimension to this well-loved parkland.

Objectives

The project had three key objectives;

Water Management: Effectively harvesting urban waste water, improving water quality and reducing potable water consumption.

Landscape and Habitat: Strengthening the visual and functional connections between the park’s existing water bodies. Improving thelandscape setting, recreational opportunities, environmental amenity and habitat value.

Interpretation: Uncover and express the park’s water story through design and artful influences within the landscape, including immersive opportunities for interactive play and education.

Methodology

City of Sydney and the design team recognized that a fully integrated collaborative design environment was required to fully realize the opportunities presented by the project and the site.

A set of key principles was established to shape and guide the design, development and delivery of the project;

Provide a Place for People: Support and enrich the life experiences of all who use the park. Create a place that is robust and authentic; blending layers of urban design, environment, community and green infrastructure to provide a place for living, learning and just ‘being’.

Enhance Sustainability: Protect and enhance the park’s natural systems and local ecologies. Build a core bio-retention system to treat water captured from the urban catchment to the north.

Make Connections: Improve park accessibility and circulation by creating a path hierarchy that is both functional and logical. Explore opportunities to connect people with water and offer new environmental and recreational experiences.

Enable Journeys: Create journeys though the bio-retention wetlands that convey and celebrate the park’s water story.

The Outcome

Much has been achieved over the past two decades in transforming the Sydney Park site from its industrial and landfill legacy, into 44 hectares of parkland and a vital asset for the growing communities of Sydney’s south east.

15 特平+克劳福德工作室设计的“瀑布”将水通过悬臂式陶质半管输送至威拉比湿地Turpin + Crawford Studio’s ‘Waterfalls’ delivers water flows through cantilevered terracotta half-pipe fingers into Wirrambi Wetland

Previously, all stormwater from the 200 hectare upstream catchment flowed through to Munni Channel, and into Alexandra Canal and Botany Bay untreated. The ponds at Sydney Park suffered poor water quality and outbreaks of bluegreen algae, Azolla and Duckweed largely due to periods of low rainfall and the stagnation of water during the warmer months.

The Sydney Park Water Re-Use Project now provides enhanced circulation of water through the chain of ponds and wetlands; improving water quality, visual amenity and detention storage effectiveness.

The water scheme diverts an average of 840 mega litres per annum of stormwater for treatment and re-use. The treatment train includes a gross pollutant trap, 5 000m2of bio-retention system, wetlands and the existing ponds. Water recycled for irrigation is further treated by filtration and UV disinfection.

30 million litres a year of harvested water is now recycled for improved circulation of the ponds, irrigation of Alan Davidson oval and the Village Green, and non-potable water supply for the nursery and truck washing at the City of Sydney Depot.

The scheme is also intended to ultimately service additional uses beyond Sydney Park. These include nearby industrial sites such as concrete batching plants, metal recyclers, industrial laundry facilities, and textile manufacturers, as well as future urban redevelopment projects such as Ashmore Precinct and Alexandra Canal.

The project is reducing potable water use,improving water quality in the ponds, improving the quality of stormwater run-off discharged to Alexandra Canal and Botany Bay, and ameliorating flooding issues currently occurring in some areas of the park.

16 悉尼公园跌水瀑布。公园时而充满野性与戏剧性，时而充满乐趣，但它一直是迷人的—通过水的可视性变化向人们展示悉尼公园水处理的过程The Cascades at Sydney Park. The park can be wild and dramatic, and other times playful, but always engaging - celebrating Sydney Park’s water story through its visible ebbs and flows.

17 动植物在新湿地中繁荣生长，现存栖息地得以保护，新的栖息地得以建立Flora and fauna are thriving in the new wetlands, with new habitats created and existing one protected and flourishing

18 游客踏过由超大型踏脚石组成的路径，沿瀑布进行游览Visitors to Sydney Park tread across oversized stepping stones along The Cacades

More broadly, the new landscapes and habitats provide the community benefit of creating new and engaging recreational and environmental experiences for park users, drawing on both a local and regional catchment.

In conveying the water story through its visible processes; the project is educating the community about the importance of urban water management, and the interdependent nature of our urban and natural environments. The function and processes of water harvesting and cleansing is made legible through its visible ebbs and flows in the landscape.

Highlighting these processes was an important part of the project. Turpin + Crawford’s ‘Water Falls’ celebrates the passage of water from the end of the water treatment “train” back into the system at Wirrambi Wetland, while supplementing “The Cascades” in providing critical aeration of the stored waters.

Turpin + Crawford Studio also worked with TDEP and Alluvium to conceive the water ‘exhaust fans’ celebrating the transfer of water from bioremediation ‘paddies’ to the lagoons. These play on the spirit of water and its interactions with topography, form, surfaces, plant life and fauna. The fans only function for two to three hours after heavy rainfall, reflecting that the bioremediation beds are full.

After an intensive period of ‘easing in’, the water re-use project is now fully operational and intrinsically merged with its park setting. The park’s fauna and flora is thriving, with new habitats created and existing ones protected and enhanced throughout the park.

This project has made-up a significant contribution to the realization of the Sustainable Sydney 2030 targets for local water capture and reuse, and promises the opportunity to significantly expand re-use through the reticulation of recycled water to local industry.

Future Prospects

19 科尔顿钢高架桥具有两个分支，将水输送到生物滞留池中进行净化，而后流入古瓦里湿地A bifurcated corten steel viaduct delivers water into bioretention ponds to be cleaned and released into the Guwali Wetland

20 悉尼公园跌水瀑布The Cascades at Sydney Park

City of Sydney is investigating several initiatives that may be implemented in the future, building on current and past projects. This includes the roll out of dog water play facilities or “puddles”, along with the potential for the“City Farm” facility to be permanently located at Sydney Park. More recently, Turf Design Studio & Environmental Partnership assisted the City with the redevelopment of the C.A.R.E.S. Children’s Bike Track, which integrates bike safety with experiential play.

These initiatives both complement and leverage off the stormwater harvesting project, and significantly contributes to the evolution of Sydney Park; from its post-industrial and Brickworks legacy into a significant piece of green infrastructure for the community. While tangibly adding to the recreational, visual, and biodiversity value of the park, the project also plays a key role in futureproofing the adjoining areas for sustainable water use.

The wetlands will continue to evolve and enhance the landscape setting and environmental amenity of the park. The created habitats will become more diverse and resilient, and indigenous vegetation communities will stabilise and strengthen, consolidating the parks multi-layered and multi-dimensional value to the community.

Quotes

“I heartily commend Turf Design Studio & Environmental Partnership for its outstanding work on the Sydney Park Water Re-Use Project. This project has realised the City’s stormwater harvesting objectives for Sydney Park, making a major contribution to the City’s Sustainable Sydney 2030 local water capture and re-use targets.

21 公园使用者穿越古瓦里湿地Park users traverse over Guwali Wetland

22 跌水瀑布景观迎接着所有人的到来，尤其受到遛狗者的喜爱The Cascades welcomes all walks of life and is a favourite amongst the daily dog walkers

23 沿布玛拉湿地遛狗The daily dog walk along Bunmarra Wetland

24 独处空间，可在此远眺布玛拉湿地Solitude overlooking Bunmarra Wetland

25 黄昏的悉尼公园是逃离城市喧嚣最好的地方Dusk at Sydney Park is the perfect place to escape the hustle of the city

26 沿悉尼公园的湿地晨跑Morning run along the wetlands at Sydney Park

As co-head consultants, Turf Design Studio & Environmental Partnership have transformed the park, literally bringing the wetlands and the story of water treatment to life in the park’s ecosystems and in the community’s imagination.

Through the chain of wetlands, connected by weirs, bridges, paths and stepping stones, the designers have created delightful places in the park’s landscape, connecting community and nature.”

Clover Moore, Lord Mayor of Sydney：

“The Sydney Park Water Re-Use Project takes a significant piece of sustainable infrastructure and integrates it into an existing, highly constrained parkland, successfully combining both system and place.

The collaborative approach adopted by the project team has ensured the principles of landscape architecture are thoroughly integrated with engineering, public art, ecology and play. This has enabled an exemplar piece of green infrastructure that benefits the local stormwater system, enriches local habitat, and enhances the recreational value of the park.

This project is the next stage in a significant urban renewal project that has been well conceived and executed, intertwining the needs of community, sustainability and infrastructure to form an educational, scientifically rigorous and enjoyable place.”

Project Location:St Peters, NSW, Australia, 2044

Project Area:16 000m2

Client:City of Sydney

Contractor/Construction: Design Landscapes

Project Team:Turf Design Studio & Environmental Partnership with Alluvium, Turpin + Crawford Studio and Dragonfly Environmental

Date of design:February 2012 start

Date of completion:May 2015

Photographer:Fig.1/7-18/20-27©Ethan Rohloff; Fig.19©Simon Wood; Fig.28©Adam Hunter

Translator: TI Yu-xin

Proofreader: ZHANG Xi

Sydney Park Water Re-Use Project

Turf Design Studio & Environmental Partnership

27 公园使用者在跌水瀑布的汀步上嬉戏；通过水的可视性动态变化向人们展示悉尼公园水处理的过程Park users frolic across stepping stones at The Cascades; celebrating Sydney Park’s water story through its visible ebbs and flows

28 悉尼公园的鸟类栖息在特平+克劳福德工作室设计的户外陶管上，陶管将水从生态滞留池输送到各个湿地Birds at Sydney Park perch themselves on Turpin + Crawford’s open terracotta pipes that deliver water from the bioretention ponds into the wetlands