詹新标

摘 要：该试验对永安杉木第三代种子园的28个无性系良种，以第2代、第1.5代的杉木种子园良种为对照，开展苗期生长特性测定比较。结果表明：杉木第三代的不同无性系的苗高、地径和生物量均达到了显著性差异水平，表明不同杉木无性系良种生长发育存在明显的差异；将不同杉木无性系良种划分为高生长型、中等生长型、低生长型，其中高生长型的无性系有2、4、14和22；利用苗高、地径和生物量3个性状，进行多性状综合评价并根据种子园的管理原则选出2、22、11为最好的采种母株，其苗高、地径和生物量的平均遗传增益分别达12.75%、13.20%和14.82%。

关键词：杉木；种子园；育苗；聚类分析；多性状综合评价

中图分类号 S79 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-7731（2017）12-0110-04

Abstract：In this experiment，28 clones of the 3rd generation seed yard of Yong'an Chinese fir were selected，and the growth characteristics of seedling were compared with the seedling of the second generation and 1.5 generation. The results showed the seedling height，ground diameter and biomass of the third generation of Chinese fir were significantly different，and there were significant differences in the growth and development of different Chinese fir clones. Through cluster analysis，different varieties of Chinese fir were divided into low-growth type，medium growth type and high-growth type，which had treatments 2，4，14 and 22 clones. Using the three traits of seedling height，ground diameter and biomass，the multi-trait comprehensive evaluation and according to the management principles of the seed garden to select the treatment of 2，22，11 for the better seed plant，the average genetic gain of seedling height，ground diameter and biomass were 12.75%，13.20% and 14.82%，respectively.

Key words：Chinese fir；Seed orchard；Seedling；Clustering analysis；Comprehensive evaluation on several characters

杉木[Cunninghamia lanceolata（Lamb.）Hook]是我國特有的优良速生用材树种之一，生长快、产量高和材质好，也是南方各省区最重要的造林树种之一[1-2]。我国从20世纪60年代初开始对杉木进行了系统的遗传改良研究。截止“八五”攻关结束，已经完成第二代种子园建设，并投入生产[3-6]。永安林木种苗中心于2009年，利用福建省杉木种苗科技攻关项目组选育的杉木第三代种子园建园材料建立嫁接种子园。营建种子园的目的是利用优树相互授粉长期地大量生产遗传品质优良的种子。根据子代测定数据及种子园内亲本的开花结果等习性资料对种子园进行去劣疏伐，是种子园管理工作的基本措施。福建省杉木种苗科技攻关项目组研究表明：疏伐杉木种子园中最差的20%无性系，选择最好的10%无性系采种，是提高种子园遗传增益的有效遗传管理措施，既可以维持该种子园较广的遗传多样性，又能保证有较大的遗传增益。……