微血管性心绞痛发病机制及治疗研究进展
2017-07-13吴易航邓翠云
吴易航++邓翠云
[摘要] 冠状动脉是营养心脏的动脉,管腔由大到小,管壁由厚变薄最终移行为微动脉;冠状动脉微血管在心肌的血供中起着重要作用,微血管性心绞痛受到越来越多的重视,研究提示冠状动脉内皮功能障碍、内皮活化及炎症、胰岛素抵抗、雌激素不足、冠状动脉痉挛等与微血管性心绞痛的发病密切相关。微血管性心绞痛的治疗也备受重视,各种治疗方案也取得了较好疗效。该研究对目前研究现状及治疗情况进行阐述。
[关键词] 微血管性心绞痛;发病机制;药物治疗
[中图分类号] R541.4 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-0742(2017)05(a)-0196-03
[Abstract] Coronary artery is the artery of nutrient heart, the lumen is from big to small and the tube wall is from thickness to thin, and the coronary microvascular plays an important role in the blood supply of myocardium, and the microvascular angina draws more and more attention, and the research reminds that the coronary endothelial dysfunction, endothelial activation and inflammation, insulin resistance, estrogen deficiency and coronary artery spasm are closely related to the onset of microvascular angina, and the treatment of microvascular angina is also emphasized by people, and the curative effect of various treatment plans is better, and the paper elaborates the current research status and treatment situation.
[Key words] Microvascular angina; Pathogenesis; Drug treatment
随着冠状动脉造影(CAG)技术的开展与普及,人们发现典型心绞痛的病人中除了冠状动脉粥样硬化造成管腔狭窄导致心肌供血不足引起心绞痛外,仍有10%~30%冠脉造影正常,而平板运动试验为阳性改变的情况,临床称之为微血管性心绞痛(MVA)。冠状动脉从主动脉发出,走行在心脏表面心外膜的脂肪组织间,主要起输送性作用;冠状动脉进入心肌后,在心肌间穿行,并发出许多细小分支,逐渐移行为微动脉,与心肌组织融为一体,构成心肌的微循环系统,保证心肌供血,为心肌提供氧及养料。冠状动脉微血管对冠心病的发生、发展、疗效及预后有重要影响。
1 MVA的概念
MVA是指有典型劳累性心绞痛表现,冠脉造影正常,但心电图运动试验呈阳性改变的一组综合征。最早称之为X综合征(CSX)[1]。1986年Cannon建议将此综合征称为“微血管性心绞痛”[2]。MVA的病因不完全清楚,目前认为与冠脉内皮功能障碍、冠状动脉微循环功能不全(MCD)、炎症反应、胰岛素抵抗、雌激素水平不足、血管痉挛等有关。……
