浙南沿海养殖贝类重金属Cu、Cd、As、Pb含量研究
2017-07-13张石天陈宇燕张贤艳
张石天+陈宇燕+张贤艳
摘要:于2014年6、8、10和12月采集温州沿海贝类养殖区具有代表性的产品青蛤、缢蛏、泥蚶和牡蛎共4种128份,对金属含量进行污染评价,运用危害商数(THQs)评价食用海产品对人体健康的潜在风险。结果表明,样品中铜、铅、镉、砷的含量范围分别为0.355~2.155、0.028~1.231、0.138~1.282、0.126~1.275 mg/kg。金属污染指数评价结果表明,青蛤重金属污染程度最高,污染程度为青蛤>缢蛏>泥蚶>牡蛎。铅、镉、砷的危害商数小于1,说明养殖贝类中这几种重金属对人体健康不具有潜在风险。
关键词:贝类;养殖;重金属;健康风险评价
中图分类号:TS207.5 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2017)11-2124-04
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.11.033
Abstract: 128 typical samples of 4 species, including Cyclina sinensis,Sinonovacula constricta,Tegillarca granosa,Saccostrea cucullata,were collected from the main shellfish culture area of Wenzhou in June,August,October and December,2014. The heavy metal contamination estimation in shellfish was conducted,and the potential risks of eating seafood to human health were evaluated on the basis of target hazard quotients(THQs). The results showed the contents of Cu,Pb,Cd,As in samples were in the range of 0.355~2.155 mg/kg, 0.028~1.231 mg/kg,0.138~1.282 mg/kg,0.126~1.275 mg/kg respectively. The metal pollution index indicated C. sinensis was in high pollution level, and the pollution level sequence was C. sinensis >S. constricta>T. granosa>S. cucullata. The THQ values of Pb,Cd,As were all less than 1,which meant there was no potential risk of these heavy metals for human health.
Key words: shellfish; cultivation; heavy metal; health risk assessment
海洋生物是沿海人群十分重要的食物來源。海洋生物口味鲜美,富含各种人体必需的微量元素、不饱和脂肪酸等营养成分,是人类首选的优质食品。温州市地处中国黄金海岸线中段,海岸线绵延355 km,沿海滩涂约5.3万hm2,海域面积约11 000 km2,主要经济贝类包括缢蛏、文蛤、牡蛎、泥蚶等。近年来,随着温州经济和工业的迅猛发展,大量的工、农业废水被排放入海,致使滩涂贝类养殖环境日趋恶化,其中,重金属污染是一个直接而又重要的原因[1]。贝类属于滤食性动物,移动范围有限且对重金属有较强的吸附蓄积能力,极易造成重金属含量超标情况。重金属的危害很大,通过食物链及生物的富集作用产生蓄积,人类食用了这些含重金属超标的鱼贝类等生物会造成不同程度的中毒现象[2-4]。
为了解浙南沿海海域养殖海洋贝类受重金属污染的状况,分别于2014年6、8、10和12月取样检……
