氮磷肥对扁穗雀麦鲜草产量和蛋白质含量的影响
2017-07-13田宏邵麟惠熊军波
田宏 邵麟惠 熊军波
摘要:采用二次通用旋转组合设计,研究氮磷肥对江夏扁穗雀麦(Bromus cartharticus Vahl.)鲜草产量和蛋白质含量的影响。结果表明,氮肥的影響作用大于磷肥,且差异达极显著水平(P<0.01)。随着施氮量的增加,鲜草产量表现为增加趋势,但在不同的施量水平下增加幅度略有不同;对于粗蛋白质含量而言,施氮量在108.7~434.8 kg/hm2之间表现为增加,之后随着施肥量的增加蛋白质含量降低。磷肥对江夏扁穗雀麦鲜草产量有增加作用,但影响差异不显著。磷氮肥对江夏扁穗雀麦粗蛋白质含量存在互作,当处于低氮水平时,增施磷肥可促进其蛋白质含量增加,但在中、高氮水平下则表现为先增后减的趋势。综合考虑产量和品质,江夏扁穗雀麦施氮量以中等水平为宜(217.4~434.8 kg/hm2),而施少量磷肥(250.0 kg/hm2)可与氮素共同改善牧草品质。
关键词:氮磷肥;扁穗雀麦(Bromus cartharticus Vahl.);鲜草产量;蛋白质含量
中图分类号:S54 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2017)11-2100-05
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.11.027
Abstract: The effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer on fresh yield and portion content of Bromus cartharticus Vahl. cv. Jiangxia was studied by using quadratic general rotary unitized design. The results showed that the influence of nitrogen fertilizer was greater than phosphate fertilizer and the difference was highly significant(P<0.01). The fresh yield showed the trend of increasing with nitrogen fertilizer application, but the increasing rate was different. For the crude protein content, it showed the trend of increasing first within the nitrogen fertilizer application of 108.7 and 434.8 kg/hm2,then decreasing with the increasing of fertilizer. Phosphate fertilizer might promote the fresh yield, but the effect was not significant. The nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer had interaction effect on the crude protein. When in low-nitrogen levels, increasing phosphorus fertilizer could promote protein content, but in middle and high nitrogen level, the trend presented increasing trend first and then decreasing. It suggested that the suitable nitrogen fertilizer was 217.4~434.8 kg/hm2 by comprehensively considered the yield and quality, and less phosphate fertilizer (250.0 kg/hm2) could be used to improve the forage quality.
Key words: Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer; Bromus cartharticus; Fresh yield; Portion content
扁穗雀麦(Bromus cartharticus Vahl.)属禾本科雀麦属越年生或短期多年生植物,在中国四川、贵州、湖北等地以散逸种广泛分布,适应性强、再生和分蘖能力好,是解决长江流域及以南地区冬春青绿饲料短缺的优良牧草[1]。当前,随着南方系列项目的实施,扁穗雀麦种植面积逐年增加,但生产中普遍存在重种植、轻管理的现象,尤其在施肥方面多以当地农作物为参照,难以发挥品种优势。
氮、磷是植物生长所必需的大量元素,也是植物许多重要化合物的组分,以多种途径参与体内的各种代谢过程,属限制植物生长的主要因子[2]。通常情况下,这些元素如单靠土壤提供有时远远不够,还需外界肥料输入,而合理配施各种肥料不但可提高牧草产量,还可改善其品质[3-6]。截至目前,关于增施肥料对扁穗雀麦影响的研究寥寥无几[7,8],而氮磷互作对其品质影响的研究尚未见报道。为指导种植企业或养殖户科学种植管理,消除经验性施肥(以小麦或水稻等农作物施肥为标准)和盲目认为增施氮肥越多越好的误区,本试验以江夏扁穗雀麦为供试材料,采取二次通用旋转组合设计,研究不同氮磷施肥水平对其鲜草产量和粗蛋白质含量的影响,以期为扁穗雀麦在实际生产中的高效种植利用提供科学依据。……
