顾勇　谢云波　张永辉

摘要：基于四川泸州烟区典型田、地烟生产条件，分析不同耕地利用方式（水旱轮作、旱地轮作）对烤烟生长速率、农艺性状及化学物理品质的影响。结果表明，烤烟株高、茎围生长速率在各生育期均表现为水旱轮作田大于旱地轮作地；伸根、团棵期（49 d以前）旱地轮作烤烟叶片长、叶宽大于水旱轮作，进入旺长期后水旱轮作烤烟叶片生长加速，逐渐超过旱地轮作。水旱轮作烤烟成熟期农艺性状及物理性状表现整体优于旱地轮作。相比水旱轮作，旱地轮作明显提高了烤烟的还原糖、烟碱、钾、氯等化学指标。水田、旱地烤烟生长及品质特征在不同生育期有较大差异，可为水旱轮作和旱地轮作条件下，不同生育期栽培措施的合理优化提供理论参考。

关键词：水旱轮作；旱地轮作；烤烟；生长速率；化学品质

中图分类号：S572；S15 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2017）11-2088-05

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.11.024

Abstract： Effects of different cultivated land use types（paddy-upland rotation and dryland rotation） on the growth rate， agronomic traits， physical and chemical quality of flue-cured tobacco were analysed based on the production condition of the typical dry or paddy field in Luzhou. The results showed that the tobacco plant height， stem girth growth rate in paddy-upland rotation were higher than dryland rotation. In root elongation and rosette stage（before 49 d），the length and width of leaf on dryland rotation were greater than the paddy-upland. Into the exuberant growth of flue-cured tobacco in paddy-upland rotation， which accelerated leaves growth， and gradually catch up with the dryland rotation. Paddy-upland rotation of the mature period of flue-cured tobacco and physical traits agronomic characters of the overall performance was superior to dryland rotation. Compared with dryland rotation，dryland rotation increased the contents of reducing sugar， nicotine， potassium， chlorine and other chemical indicators of overall performance. Therefore， there is great difference in the different growth stages of paddy and dry field， which included growth and quality characteristics for rotation and rotation in dry conditions， and provide a theoretical reference to optimize the cultivation measures of different stages.

Key words：paddy-upland rotation；dryland rotation；flue cured tobacco；growth rate；chemical quality

中國是世界上烟草产销量最大的国家，烟草栽培与烟制品加工在中国国民经济中占有重要地位，据统计中国烤烟种植面积和总产量均居世界首位[1]，从1998年以来烟草行业的利税一直高居全国行业之首，成为中国国民经济的重要支柱[2]。随着社会经济的发展和人民对烟叶品质的追求，低等烟叶由于质量差、可用性差等原因已逐渐退出市场，而上等烟叶、特色烟等优质烟叶越来越受到亲睐，生产需求呈逐年上升的趋势。因此，不断提高卷烟质量，对巩固烟草行业的经济地位以及促进国家经济发展，满足群众消费，并最大限度地降低烤烟对消费者健康的危害非常有必要。……