社区糖尿病患者不同管理与宣教模式研究
2017-07-13冯志美黄启亚杨彩娴
冯志美 黄启亚 杨彩娴
[摘要] 目的 研究不同管理與宣教模式对社区糖尿病(diabetes mellitus,DM)患者的影响。 方法 将130例社区糖尿病患者随机分为研究组(n=65)与对照组(n=65),每组再分为两个亚组:非中老年组(A组,年龄<50岁)35例、中老年组(B组,年龄≥50岁)30例、非中老年对照组(C组,年龄<50岁)35例、中老年对照组(D组,年龄≥50岁)30例。对照组采用单一的传统大课堂科普宣教方法,研究组采用形式多样的健康管理与宣教方法。比较不同的糖尿病健康管理与宣教模式对于血糖、血脂、血压和体重等指标的影响以及不同健康管理与宣教模式下1年内患者低血糖发生率、医疗总费用的差异。 结果 研究组血糖、血脂、血压和体重改善较对照组明显,1年内患者低血糖发生率(A组:0.18% vs C组:0.97%;B组:0.16% vs D组:1.46%)、医疗总费用[A组:(3713.94±456.38)元 vs C组:(4123.98±568.19)元;B组:(3993.94±652.89)元 vs D组:(4539.13±795.16)元] 明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论 采用形式多样的健康管理与宣教方法能提高患者血糖、血脂、血压、体重控制率,减少低血糖发生率,降低患者医疗总费用。
[关键词] 糖尿病;社区;健康管理;宣教模式
[中图分类号] R473 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701(2017)16-0087-03
[Abstract] Objective To study the effect of different management and education modes on patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) in community. Methods The patients in community members were randomly divided into study group(n=65) and control group (n=65), and each group was divided into 2 subgroups including non-middle, older-aged group (group A, age <50 years, n=35), middle and older-aged group(group B, age≥50 years, n=30), non-middle, older-aged control group (group C, age <50 years, n=35) and middle and older-aged control group(group D, age ≥50 years, n=30). The control group was given a single traditional large-scale popular science education method, and the study group was treated with various forms of health management and education methods. The effects of different diabetes health management and education modes on indicators including blood glucose, blood lipids, blood pressure and body weight and the difference in the incidences of hypoglycemia and the total cost of medical care within one year in different health management and education modes were compared. Results The improvements of blood glucose, blood lipid, blood pressure and body weight in the study group were more significant than those in the control group. The incidence of hypoglycemia within one year in the study group significantly decreased compared with that of the control group[group A (0.18%) vs group C (0.97%), group B (0.16%) vs group D (1.46%)]. And the total cost of medical care in the study group was also obviously lower than that in the control group[group A (3713.94±456.38) vs group C (4123.98±568.19), group B(3993.94±652.89) vs group D (4539.13±795.16)]. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The use of various forms of health management and education methods can improve the blood glucose, blood lipid, blood pressure and body weight control rate of patients,and can reduce the incidence of hypoglycemia and the total cost of medical care.
[Key words] Diabetes mellitus; Community; Health management; Education mode
随着糖尿病发病率逐渐增加,目前我国糖尿病患病率约9.7%,糖尿病与心血管疾病、恶性肿瘤成为三大非传染性流行病,糖尿病引起的慢性并发症是造成失明、截肢、终末期肾病的主要原因之一[1,2]。积极治疗和控制糖尿病尤为重要。有研究显示,健康教育可增加患者治疗依从性,改善糖尿病控制情况,提高患者生活质量和降低医疗费用[3],而糖尿病社区管理可使患者血糖水平得到一定程度的控制[4]。因此,糖尿病患者社区教育和管理显得尤其重要。由于经济上的相对落后,欠发达地区的社区卫生服务中心存在人才短缺、资金紧张、药物匮乏、患者不愿就诊等困境,因此对糖尿病患者的社区健康管理与宣教基本处于无能为力的境况,社区糖尿病患者的社区健康管理与宣教更似“空中楼阁”。本研究拟探索不同于经济发达地区的、切合当前欠发达地区现实的、有较强可操作性的糖尿病健康管理与宣教模式。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
选择2014年1~12月清遠市清城区凤城社区糖尿病患者为研究对象,采用随机、开放、平行组试验,纳入130例糖尿病患者。按照随机原则分为研究组(n=65)和对照组(n=65),每组再分为两个亚组:非中老年组(A组,年龄<50岁)35例、中老年组(B组,年龄≥50岁)30例、非中老年对照组(C组,年龄<50岁)35例、中老年对照组(D组,年龄≥50岁)30例。……
