许玉凤　王鹤　吕林有

摘要：为了完善赤峰草原主要分布区草地现有植被资料，促进草地植被恢复，合理开发利用和保护该区域内的牧草种质、发展草地畜牧业，以3个地区的草地群落为研究对象，采用典型取样法，调查和分析了群落物种组成、丰富度、多样性、均匀度等特征，探讨了植物群落多样性与海拔梯度变化的关系。结果表明，赤峰草原主要分布区植物资源丰富，共发现植物233种，分属39科155属；草地植物群落以菊科（Compositae）、豆科（Leguminosae）、禾本科（Gramineae）植物为主。通过样方调查发现，巴林右旗草地植物的优势种为羊草（Leymus chinensis）和阴地蒿（Artemisia sylvatica），丛生隐子草（Cleistogenes caespitosa）、芦苇（Phragmites australis）和寸草（Carex duriuscula）等为伴生种；巴林左旗优势种为寸草，伴生种为羊草、无芒隐子草（Cleistogenes songorica）和野亚麻（Linum stelleroides）等；克什克腾旗以寸草为优势种，羊草、冰草（Agropyron cristatum）和小菅草（Themede minor）等为伴生种。草地植物群落多样性存在极显著差异（P<0.01），自巴林左旗、克什克腾旗、巴林右旗呈现逐渐降低趋势。赤峰草原主要分布区草地植物群落多样性指数随海拔的升高呈现先升高后降低的趋势，中等海拔处（800 m）植物群落多样性最高。

关键词：赤峰；草地群落；物种组成；植物多样性

中图分类号：Q948 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2017）11-2031-06

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.11.008

Abstract： In order to improve existent vegetation data of main grassland areas in Chifeng，promote grassland revegetation，utilize reasonably，protect forage germplasm resources and develop livestock farming，species composition，richness，diversity，evenness of grassland community were studied in grassland communities of three areas by typical sampling method，and the relation between plant diversity of community and altitudinal gradient was revealed. The results showed that main grassland areas in Chifeng were rich in plant resource，there were 39 families 155 genera 233 species，mainly Compositae，Leguminosae，Gramineae. Based on plot investigation，the dominant plant species in Balinyou Banner grassland were Leymus chinensis and Artemisia sylvatica，and Cleistogenes caespitosa，Phragmites australis，Carex duriuscula were companion species；The dominant plant species in Balinzuo Banner grassland were C.duriuscula，and the companion species were L.chinensis，Cleistogenes songorica and Linum stelleroides；The dominant plant species in Hexigten Banner grassland were C.duriuscula，and the companion species were L. chinensis，Agropyron cristatum and Themede minor. There was an extremely difference in the diversity of grassland plant communities（P<0.01），which showed a decreasing trend from Balinzuo Banner，Hexigten Banner to Balinyou Banner. The diversity index of grassland plant community in the main grassland areas in Chifeng appeared initially rising and then decreasing with the increase of altitude，and the plant community diversity was the highest at the middle altitude （800 m）.

Key words： Chifeng；grassland community； species composition； plant diversity

草地是世界上分布最廣泛的植被类型之一，面积达34.8亿hm2，占陆地面积约20%，是地球陆地生态系统的重要组成部分[1]。内蒙古目前有天然草地8 800万hm2，约占全国草地总面积的22%[2]，是世界上草地类型最多、保存最为完整的草地之一。巴林右旗草地面积为85.8万hm2[3]，巴林左旗为390.2万hm2[4]，克什克腾旗为151.0万hm2[5]，是赤峰草原主要分布区。随着经济的迅速发展，对草地的开发利用强度也在逐渐增加，加上长期的不合理利用，人为活动影响剧烈，植被破坏严重，导致草地逐渐退化[6]。

草地资源保护利用与人们日益增长的物质需要的矛盾，草地资源的脆弱性与草原生态建设投入不足的矛盾，草地资源基本保护、合理利用、开发建设与服务体系乏力的矛盾是赤峰草原分布区存在的主要问题[7-9]。……