王佳伟　孙华林　王小燕

摘要：以江汉平原主推小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）品种漯麦6010、郑麦9023、鄂麦580为试验材料，设置了每公顷225万、300万、375万3个密度处理，分析了密度对不同品种小麦产量、直链淀粉与支链淀粉含量比值、孕穗及开花期旗叶叶绿素和丙二醛（MDA）含量的影响。结果表明，同一品种不同密度处理间，3个品种在密度为300万/hm2时，子粒产量和旗叶叶绿素SPAD值均达最高，旗叶MDA含量最低；郑麦9023和鄂麦580在密度为375万/hm2时直链淀粉与支链淀粉含量比值最高，密度为225万/hm2时最低，而漯麦6010则在密度为225万/hm2时比值最高，300万/hm2时比值最低。同一密度不同品种间，漯麦6010子粒产量和旗叶叶绿素SPAD值最高，鄂麦580最低，郑麦9023居中；而旗叶MDA含量以漯麦6010最低，鄂麦580的最高，郑麦9023居中；鄂麦580的直链淀粉与支链淀粉含量比值最高，其次是漯麦6010，郑麦9023最低。

关键词：小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）；密度；产量；江汉平原

中图分类号：S512.1 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2017）11-2016-04

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.11.004

Abstract： Taking three main wheat（Triticum aestivum L.） cultivars of Zhengmai 9023， Luomai 6010 and Emai 580 in Jianghan plain as materials，and three density treatments of 2.25，3.00，3.75 million/hm2 were set up to study the effects of density on yield， the ratio of amylose and amylopectin content， flag leaf chlorophyll and MDA at booting and anthesis stage. The results showed that， among the three density treatments of the same cultivar， when the density was 3.00 million/hm2， the grain yield and SPAD value of three cultivars were the highest， MDA content of them were the lowest. The ratio of amylose and amylopectin content of Zhengmai 9023 and Emai 580 were the highest when the density was 3.75 million/hm2，and were the lowest when the density was 2.25 million/hm2；Luomai 6010 was different， the ratio of amylose and amylopectin content of the treatment was the highest when the density was 2.25 million/hm2， and was the lowest when the density was 3.75 million/hm2. Among cultivars for the same density，the grain yield and SPAD values of fiag leaves of the cultivars from high to low were Luomai 6010， Zhengmai 9023 and Emai 580； the MDA content of fiag leaves of the cultivars from high to low were Emai 580， Zhengmai 9023 and Luomai 6010. The ratio of amylose and amylopectin content of Emai 580 was the highest，and it of Zhengmai 9023 was the lowest.

Key words： wheat（Triticum aestivum L.）； density； grain yield； Jianghan Plain

小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）产量和品质是品种基因型、生态条件和栽培技术措施等因素综合作用的结果。栽培技术是改善小麦产量和品质的重要因素，播种期与播种密度是小麦重要的栽培技术措施。围绕着如何提高小麦的产量和品質，已开展了多年的研究。陈天房等[1]研究表明，播种密度对小麦产量、子粒重和子粒营养品质都有明显影响，豫麦4号在每公顷播种密度为120万～165万时产量较高，当播种密度超过255万/hm2时产量会显著减少，且降低密度对提高粒重是非常重要的。赵广才等[2]以中任1号为试验材料进行试验后得出，随基本苗增加，穗长、穗粒数和千粒重逐渐减少，处理间差异显著；……