北京山区林下种植藿香模式研究
2017-06-20田晔林严道崎马学斌胡俊秦
田晔林++严道崎++马学斌++胡俊++秦岭



摘要 对生长在不同郁闭度林下藿香全株运用水蒸气蒸馏法提取精油,然后用气相色谱质谱联用仪对精油成分进行分析。结果表明,共分离出32种物质,主要成分是薄荷酮、草蒿脑、D-柠檬烯、异薄荷酮、胡薄荷酮、胡椒酮等;主成分薄荷酮相对含量分别占高、中、低各郁闭度总峰的38.31%、54.75%和33.15%。高、低郁闭度林下种植的藿香主要成分为薄荷酮、草蒿脑和异薄荷酮,中郁闭度林下的为薄荷酮、异薄荷酮和胡薄荷酮。根据精油成分和产量,藿香适宜种植在北京山区高郁闭度、中郁闭度林下。
关键词 藿香;精油成分;林下种植;北京山区
中图分类号 S567.23 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739(2017)09-0151-04
Abstract The essential oil of Agastache rugosa was extracted by steam distillation and analyzed by using gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy(GC/MS).Results showed that 32 kinds of compounds were identified by GC/MS.The main components were menthone,estragole,D-linonene,cyclohexanone,pulegone,piperitone et al.Menthone was the most abundant component(33.15%-54.75% in different canopy density).Menthone,estragole and cyclohexanone were the main components in low and high forest canopy closure;Menthone,cyclohexanone and pulegone were the main components in medium forest canopy closure.According to the component and yield of essential oil,it′s suggested that Agastache rugosa can be planted in high and medium forest canopy closure as fragrant plants in mountain area of Beijing.
Key words Agastache rugosa;components of essential oil;planting under forest;mountain area of Beijing
发展林下经济,不仅可有效促进林区村民增收、保护和改善林区生态环境、增加生物多样性,而且能增加林农收入,在一定程度上缓解林区普遍存在的贫困问题[1-2]。此外,发展林下经济还能在保护现有林业资源的基础上,优化林农产业结构,为保证社会主义新农村建设做出重要贡献[3]。2010 年中央1号文件首次明确提出“因地制宜发展林下种养业,挖掘农业内部就业潜力,积极发展森林旅游、农村服务业,拓展农村非农就业空间”,肯定了林下经济拉动就业特别是“非农”就业的重要作用,为林下经济加快发展带来了新机遇[4]。北京地区的林下经济模式多样,有林草、林花、林菌、林粮、林禽、林桑、林蔬、林瓜、林药、林油、林特等[5]。在林下种植乡土植物,可同时满足生态效益、经济效益和社会效益。……
