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A组链球菌疫苗研究进展

2017-05-30吴永祥王嘉睿刘金来

新医学 2017年11期

吴永祥 王嘉睿 刘金来

【摘要】A组链球菌是(GAS)一种常见的革兰阳性病原菌,人是其唯一自然宿主。GAS感染人体后可导致一系列感染性疾病,还可引起一些自身免疫性疾病,严重危害人体健康,同时也给社会带来巨大的经济负担。目前,GAS对青霉素仍然敏感,但对其他抗生素的耐药率不断增加。预防GAS感染最好的方法是研制安全、有效的疫苗。GAS疫苗的研究已经持续了近百年,但迄今还没有商品化的疫苗研制出来。现在有多种疫苗正处于不同的研发阶段之中,该文就GAS疫苗的研究进展进行概述。

【关键词】A组链球菌;疫苗;M蛋白;非M蛋白

Research progress on group A streptococcus vaccineWu Yongxiang, Wang Jiarui, Liu Jinlai Department of Cardiology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yatsen University, Guangzhou 510630, China

Corresponding author, Liu Jinlai, Email: ljlai@medmailcomcn

【Abstract】Group A streptococcus(GAS) is a common grampositive pathogenic bacterium Human is the only natural host of GAS GAS infection can lead to a wide spectrum of infectious diseases and several autoimmune diseases, which seriously damages human health and brings significant economic burden to the society Currently, GAS is still sensitive to penicillin, but it yields increasing resistance to other antibiotics The best strategy to prevent GAS infection is to develop a safe and effective vaccine Even though investigated for almost 100 years, no commercial vaccine for GAS has been developed worldwide Multiple types of vaccine candidates are being investigated in different stages In this paper, recent research progress on GAS vaccine was reviewed

【Key words】Group A streptococcus; Vaccine; M protein; NonM protein

A組链球菌(GAS)又称酿脓链球菌,是一种致病性很强的革兰阳性球菌,通过呼吸道和皮肤接触感染。GAS有多个亚型,在全球不同地区的分布情况各异,在发达国家,GAS主要以emm1型、emm12型、emm28型为主,而在非洲和太平洋地区,则没有某个特定分型的GAS明显占优势[1]。GAS感染人后可导致一系列疾病,包括常见的链球菌咽炎、猩红热、脓皮病及致命的败血症、坏死性筋膜炎、链球菌毒性休克综合征,还可引起自身免疫性疾病如风湿热、风湿性心脏病、急性链球菌感染后肾小球肾炎。

GAS给全世界带来沉重的负担。WHO的一项研究估计,全球至少有1 800万GAS相关疾病患者,每年有517万患者死于严重的GAS感染所致的疾病,其中又以风湿性心脏病最为严重,全球至少1 560万患者,每年导致233万人死亡[2]。另一种较为严重的疾病是侵入性感染,每年有663万新发病例,导致163万人死亡[2]。链球菌咽炎、猩红热、脓皮病等疾病通常情况下虽不致命,但由于其反复流行,波及范围更广。……

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