中稻和双孢蘑菇轮作效益研究
2017-05-30戴水莲王智课张立王长安
戴水莲 王智课 张立 王长安
摘要[目的]研究中稻和双孢蘑菇轮作的效益。[方法]通过2014—2016年连续3年中稻和双孢蘑菇轮作试验,研究中稻和双孢蘑菇轮作产生的经济效益和生态效益。[结果]中稻和双孢蘑菇轮作收到了较好的经济效益:纯收入30万~50万元/(hm2·a),是单纯栽培中稻的10多倍,经济效益主要来源于双孢蘑菇栽培。中稻和雙孢蘑菇轮作有效改善了稻田土壤肥力和基本理化性质,提高了土壤有效NPK含量和有机质含量。[结论]中稻和双孢蘑菇轮作生产措施简单粗放,省工省时,适合大面积推广。
关键词中稻;双孢蘑菇;轮作;效益
中图分类号S344.1+9文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611(2017)16-0049-03
Benefit Study of the Rotation of Middleseason Rice and Button Mushroom
DAI Shuilian, WANG Zhike, ZHANG Li et al
(Huaihua Vocational and Technical College,Huaihua, Hunan 418000)
Abstract[Objective] To study benefit of the rotation of middleseason rice and button mushroom.[Method]Through three continuous test of the rotation of middleseason rice and button mushroom during 2014-2016, economic benefits, ecological benefits that produced by the rotation of middleseason rice and button mushroom were studied.[Result] The rotation of middleseason rice and button mushroom had received the good economic benefit: the net income was 30 0000-50 0000 yuan/(hm2·a), which was more than 10 times of cultivated rice, economic efficiency mainly came from button mushroom cultivation. The soil fertility and the basic physicochemical properties of rice paddies were effectively improved by the rotation of middleseason rice and button mushroom, which improved the effective NPK content of soil and increased organic matter content.[Conclusion] The production measures of middleseason rice and button mushroom rotation are simple and rough, which is suitable for largescale promotion.
Key wordsMiddleseason rice;Button mushroom;Rotation;Benefit
雜交中稻在湖南省的栽培时间为4—9月,中稻收割后,绝大多数农田闲置,稻草多数就地还田,土地资源和稻草利用率不高。双孢蘑菇在国内的栽培日益广泛,在湖南大田栽培时间为9月—次年4月,栽培原料以稻草、猪、牛、羊粪为主。因此,从栽培季节、场地、原料方面而言,双孢蘑菇与中稻可以很好的轮作。菌肥是很好的有机肥料,能有效改善土壤肥力和基本理化性质。笔者于2014—2016年连续3年进行中稻和双孢蘑菇轮作试验,旨在探究中稻和双孢蘑菇轮作产生的经济效益和生态效益。
1材料与方法
1.1材料
中稻品种:杂交中稻贺优1号[1]。双孢蘑菇品种:AS2796,从江苏省高邮食用菌研究所购买。
1.2方法
1.2.1中稻栽培方法。
中稻栽培工艺流程:品种选择→栽培季节选择→浸种催芽→播种育秧→翻耕→移栽→栽培管理→收割。
1.2.1.1栽培季节。
根据杂交中稻贺优1号对温度的要求和湖南怀化的自然温度,农事时节安排见表1。……
