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当代中国语言产业发展的三次浪潮

2017-05-30陈鹏

语言战略研究 2017年5期

提 要 中国语言产业的历史进程可概括为三次浪潮:第一波约始于1990年,是传统语言产业的快速增长期;第二波约始于2000年,是语言信息技术产业的兴盛期;第三波约始于2010年,是“语言信息技术平台(互联网、智能手机、语言智能)+语言产业”的发展期。三次浪潮前后呼应、彼此融合,每一波发展都以某种方式汇入新的浪潮之中。第一次浪潮主要由社会开放所致,第二、三次浪潮则为语言信息技术革命所引领。未来语言产业将是“人工语言智能+语言产业”的时代。

关键词 当代中国语言产业;传统语言产业;语言信息产业;智能语言产业

Abstract Chinas Language Industry has witnessed three waves of development in the past three decades. The first wave appeared in around 1990, a time when the traditional Language Industry experienced a rapid expansion. The second wave started in around 2000, a time often seen as the rise of Language Information Industry. The third wave arrived in around 2010, a period when “language information technology platforms” (e.g., internet, cell phones and language intelligence) became a major media for press, education and speech synthesis. The three waves are three continuous developmental phases, showing the upgrading trajectory of the language industry in China. With regard to the driving forces of such developments, this paper contends that the first wave can be attributed to the opening up of the Chinese society, while the second and the third waves are the results of the revolution of Language Information Technology. It is predicted that the next phase in China will be “Artificial Intelligence plus Language Industry” .

Key words contemporary Chinas Language Industry; traditional Language Industry; Language Information Industry; Intelligence Language Industry

一、前言:中國语言产业的兴起

在国内,大约自2010年起,语言产业概念开始引起比较广泛的关注。我们把语言产业概念初步界定为生产各种语言产品或提供各种语言服务的规模化的产业形态。语言产品则是以语言为内容、材料,或是以语言为加工、处理对象的产品形态。目前,较为典型的语言产业业态主要包括语言翻译、语言文字信息处理、语言培训、语言出版、语言能力测评等(贺宏志、陈鹏 2012)。在德国语言技术中心(The Language Technology Center)提供,欧盟翻译总司2009年发布的《欧盟语言产业规模研究报告》(Study on the Size of the Language Industry in the EU)中,语言产业业态主要包括8个领域:笔译、口译、语言技术工具、语言教学、字幕翻译和配音、软件本地化、网站全球化和会议组织及咨询,其概念内涵是以语言翻译及本地化服务为核心。本文采用的则是以语言产品供给为核心的外延更加广泛的语言产业概念,它在逻辑上包含相关的所有业态。……

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