张燕梅 石胜友 李俊峰 鹿志伟 陆军迎 周文钊

摘 要 利用常規方法结合流式细胞仪对25份剑麻种质资源叶色、叶缘刺有无、叶缘刺类型、叶顶刺类型、叶长、叶宽、叶长/宽比、叶基厚度、顶刺长、顶刺基部宽等10个农艺性状以及倍性进行了分析和鉴定，结果表明：同一种质资源内叶长、叶宽、叶长/宽比、叶基厚度、顶刺基部宽和顶刺长等变异系数分别在0.9%～13.33%、1.69%～9.13%、1.77%～7.61%、3.99%～11.62%、7.82%～14.31%、9.08%～14.84%之间，不同种质资源间变异系数分别为21.60%、13.95%、15.9%、21.48%、36.59%和30.77%。同一种质资源内叶长、叶宽、叶长/宽比、叶基厚度、顶刺基部宽和顶刺长差异不明显，不同种质资源间存在极显著差异（α=0.05）。基于10个表型性状将25份剑麻种质资源聚为3类，第一类主要包括番麻、广西76416、南亚1号、东368、蓝剑麻、普通剑麻、粤西75等7份种质；第二类主要包括桂辐4号、H.11648、东74、东27、东26和东16等6份种质；第三类主要包括东18、东2、肯3等12份种质。多变量的主成分分析显示4个主成分的特征值总和为5.84，累计贡献率达97.29%。流式细胞仪分析表明，25份剑麻种质资源中，H.11648、东2等14份种质为二倍体，东16和广西76416两份种质为三倍体，粤西75、粤西114等5份种质为四倍体，肯3和普通剑麻2份种质为五倍体，东74为六倍体，番麻为五倍体和六倍体的混倍体。以上结果为剑麻种质资源的鉴定评价提供理论依据。

关键词 剑麻；表型多样性；倍性鉴定；流式细胞术

中图分类号 S563.8 文献标识码 A

Abstract Ten morphological traits including leaf color， have/none marginal spine， apical spine type， leaf length， leaf width， length/width of leaf， thickness of leaf base， length of apical spine， and spine basal width were examined， and ploidy level was determined by an analysis of flow cytometry. SPSS statistical analysis for leaf length，leaf width，length/width of leaf，thickness of leaf base，length of apical spine，spine basal width revealed that The coefficient of variation within Agave germplasms was 0.9%-13.33%，1.69%-9.13%，1.77%-7.61%，3.99%-11.62%，7.82%-14.31%，9.08%-14.84%， among Agave germplasms was 21.60%，13.95%，15.9%，21.48%，36.59%，30.77% respectively. ANOVA showed that ten morphological traits were statistically different among 25 Agave germplasms（α=0.05）， but no different within germplasm（α>0.05）. Cluster analysis based on complete distance with SAS of ten morphological traits showed that 25 germplasms were divided into three groups， A. americana L， Guangxi76416， Nanya 1， ML387， A. tequilana F.A.C weber， A. sisalana perrine， and Yuexi75 were scattered into the first group， Guifu4， H.11648， Dong74， Dong27， Dong26， Dong16 were clustered into the second group， the other 12 germplasms were scattered into the third group. The principal component analysis results indicated that the sum of eigenvalue of the first 4 principal components was 5.84， and the contribution rate accounted for 97.29%. Among the 25 Agave germplasms， 14 germplasm such as H.11648 and Dong2 are diploids， Dong16 and Guangxi76416 are triploids， 5 germplasms such as Yuexi75 and Yuexi 114 are tetraploids， Ken3 and A. sisalana Perrine are pentaploids， Yuexi74 is a hexaploid， A. americana L. is a mixoploid of pentaploid and hexaploid. The results would provide basic reference on Agave germplasm identification， and classification.

Key words Sisal； morphological diversity； ploidy identification； flow cytometry

doi 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2017.05.001

剑麻是我国热区特有的经济作物之一，剑麻不仅是主要的热带纤维原料[1]，同时剑麻茎心是酿造龙舌兰酒的主要原料[2]，剑麻麻渣含有较高皂素，可用来制药[3]，剑麻也是一种重要的生物质能源植物[4]，有非常重要的经济价值。