马晨晨 代俊 肖之强 杜凡

摘要： 云南肉豆蔻仅分布于云南南部局部区域的季节雨林中，作为国家Ⅱ级重点保护植物与中国120个极小种群物种之一，目前尚未开展过种群学研究。该研究根据建立于1993年的固定样地监测资料，对西双版纳州勐腊县6块50 m × 50 m季节雨林样地中的云南肉豆蔻与样地中重要值较大的其他乔木树种进行比较，确定云南肉豆蔻的群落地位，并根据样地建立初期抽样调查的云南肉豆蔻幼苗、幼树推测出当年样地中实生苗的数量并与2016年的调查数量进行比较。结果表明：样地中胸径≥5 cm 的木本植物共有223种，隶属于56科140属。云南肉豆蔻的分布海拔可达到850 m，高于文献记载；6块样地中胸径≥5 cm的云南肉豆蔻共有16株，数量虽少，但是重要值相对较大，单种平均胸径高于样地平均水平；然而云南肉豆蔻生长缓慢、径级主要集中于小径级，23年间只记载1株进界木；其核果主要靠重力和动物搬运传播，果实被动物啃食且不易保存导致云南肉豆蔻幼苗及幼树数量较少、种群更新困难。该研究结果为云南肉豆蔻的保护研究提供了基本依据。

关键词： 群落结构，重要值，胸径生长，种群现状，云南肉豆蔻

中图分类号： Q948.15

文献标识码： A

文章编号： 10003142（2017）06078309

Abstract： Myristica yunnanensis， which only distributes in seasonal rain forest in southern Yunnan and was one of the national secondclass protected plants and 120 minimum population species of Chinese， has not yet been carried on population study. Based on monitoring data in 1993， M. yunnanensis and other high important value tree species from six permanent plots （50 m × 50 m） on the Xishuangbanna Mengla seasonal rain forest were compared to reveal the community status of M. yunnanensis， and the seedling number which was inferred in the early established plots was compared to the seedling number gotten from investigations in 2016. The results showed that there were 223 woody species with DBH ≥5 cm in plots， affiliationed to 56 families and 140 genera. The distributed altitude of M. yunnanensis was higher than the recorded altitude up to 850 cm； There were 16 M. yunnanensis trees DBH ≥5 cm in totall in six plots which was in small number with high important value， and their single average DBH and basal area were higher than average level in plot； However， Myristica yunnanensis grew slow and their diameter level was mainly in the small class， only one tree grew into DBH ≥5 cm class in 23 years； their drupes were spred mainly depending on gravity and animals removal， so that the fruits were usually eaten by animals and not easy to keep. These propagation mode caused seedlings and saplings less， leading to difficulties in population regeneration. This study provides the basic information for the further protection of the Myristica yunnanensis.

Key words： community structure， important value， DBH growing， distribution， Myristica yunnanensis

云南肉豆蔻（Myristica yunnanensis）為肉豆蔻科（Myristicaceae） 肉豆蔻属（Myristica）常绿乔木。肉豆蔻属有120余种，中国有3种，其中2种产台湾地区南部，仅云南肉豆蔻产大陆西双版纳州勐腊县、景洪市及红河州金平县等地局部（李延辉等1979；吴征镒等1979）。肉豆蔻属为旧世界热带分布属，是典型古热带植物区系成分，云南肉豆蔻是中国大陆本属植物唯一代表。……