血栓性血小板减少性紫癜2例临床分析并文献复习
2017-05-22魏垂江魏恒李娟娟
魏垂江 魏恒 李娟娟
[摘要] 血栓性血小板减少性紫癜(TTP)是临床急危重症,临床表现多样、无特异性,早期诊断困难,若不及时治疗,死亡率高,本文通过2例病例结合相关文献认为血红蛋白降低、血小板减少、LDH 增高、破碎红细胞增多是较敏感的早期诊断指标,以上指标结合神经精神症状具有很高的早期诊断特异性,TTP影像学检查并非阴性,脑MRI的影像学特征具有很高的诊断价值,随病情及时复查可以提高检查阳性率。血浆置换联合糖皮质激素、积极治疗原发病、利妥昔单抗是主要的治疗方法。
[关键词] 早期诊断指标;神经精神症状;影像学特征;积极治疗原发病
[中图分类号] R554.6 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701(2017)10-0137-04
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: a clinical analysis of 2 cases and literature review
WEI Chuijiang1 WEI Heng2 LI Juanjuan1
1.Department of Hematology, Qingdao City Jiaozhou Central Hospital, Qingdao 266300, China; 2.Outpatient Clinic,Navy Qingdao Xin Chuang Leave Cadres Retreat Clinics, Qingdao 266071, China
[Abstract] Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a clinical acute and critically disease, and its clinical manifestations are diverse, non-specific and difficult for early diagnosis.If the disease is not timely treated, it has high mortality. This paper suggests that reduced hemoglobin, thrombocytopenia, increased LDH and broken red blood cells are sensitive early diagnostic indicators, through two cases combined with the literature. And the above indicators combined with neuropsychiatric symptoms have a high specificity for early diagnosis. TTP imaging is not negative, and the imaging features of brain MRI have a high diagnostic value, which can improve the positive rate of examination if timely review with the disease. Plasma exchange combined with glucocorticoid, active treatment of primary disease and rituximab are the main treatment methods.
[Key words] Early diagnosis indicators; Neuropsychiatric symptoms; Imaging features; Active treatment of primary disease
血栓性血小板减少性紫癜(TTP)是一种少见的弥散性微血管血栓-出血综合征。TTP可发生于任何年齡,女性多见,有国外文献统计TTP发病率约为百万分之三[1]。临床表现以血小板减少性紫癜、微血管病性溶血、神经精神症状、肾脏损害和发热五联征为特征。TTP大多起病急,病情重、进展快,临床表现多样,无特异性,典型五联征少见,早期诊断困难,易误诊。未治疗的病例死亡率在90%,而及时确诊,早期开始血浆置换处理,目前生存率已由最初的10% 提升到 75%~92%[2]。本文报道2例TTP并复习相关文献,以期提高临床医师对本病的认识,做到早期诊断、早期治疗。
1 临床资料
病例1,女,81岁,因反复咳、痰、喘40年,再发20 d入院,既往有高血压病史,入院查体:T 36.2℃,BP140/100 mm Hg,意识清晰,喘憋貌,无皮疹,双肺呼吸音低,可闻及哮鸣音。心率98次/min,律齐,腹软,无压痛及反跳痛,肝脾肋下未及。……
