曹啸

[摘要] 目的 对葫芦岛市部分市售食品中微生物污染情况进行监测，旨在为葫芦岛市食源性疾病的防护提供可靠的参考。 方法 严格依据国家标准对葫芦岛市市售食品进行样品的采集及样品的测定。2016年1～ 12月共对来自于葫芦岛市的640份样品分进行测定，每个季度采集160份样品测定。 结果 第一季度、第二季度、第三季度和第四季度的食品合格率分别为53.75%、49.38%、40.00%、46.88%，组间比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。食品类别中熟肉食品、非发酵性豆制品、鲜榨果蔬汁、盒饭、米线、米粉的合格率较低。熟制速冻米面食品、婴幼儿辅食、奶粉、蛋类制品、饼干和糕点类食品的合格率较高。食品样本中检出蜡样芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、真菌、大肠菌群、菌落总数，其不合格率分别为6.88%、7.66%、3.13%、31.25%、19.38%。 结论 葫芦岛市市售食品调研中发现受微生物污染状况较为严重，监管部门应加大力度监管，同时采取相应的举措。

[关键词] 市售食品；微生物污染；葫芦岛市；监测

[中图分类号] R155.5 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701（2017）09-0137-03

Monitoring inquiry on microbial contamination in commercial food of Huludao city

CAO Xiao

Huludao City Disease Control and Prevention Center of Liaoning Province， Huludao 125000， China

[Abstract] Objective To monitor the microbial contamination of some commercially available food in Huludao city， and to provide a reliable reference for the protection of foodborne diseases in Huludao. Methods Strictly according to the national standard， the samples of Huludao commercial food were collected and determined. From January to December 2016， 640 samples from Huludao were determined， and 160 samples were collected and determined quarterly. Results The qualified rate of food in the first quarter， the second quarter， the third quarter and the fourth quarter were 53.75%， 49.38%， 40.00% and 46.88% respectively. There was significant difference among groups （P<0.05）. The qualified rates of cooked meat products， non-fermented soybean products， fresh fruit and vegetable juice， bento， rice noodle and rice flour in food category were lower. And the qualified rates of cooked frozen rice noodles food， infant food supplement， milk powder， egg products， cookies and cakes were higher. The failure rate of Bacillus cereus， Staphylococcus aureus， Fungi， Coliforms and total number of colonies were 6.88%， 7.66%， 3.13%， 31.25% and 19.38% respectively in food samples. Conclusion Commercial food survey in Huludao finds that microbial contamination situation is very serious. Regulatory authorities should intensify supervision and appropriate measures should be taken.

食品安全非小事，事關广大消费者的身体健康与生命安全。而观诸现实，各种食品安全欺诈行为正在对消费者造成严重损害[1]。食品在生产环节、加功环节和销售环节均可发生污染现象，产生食源性微生物，可导致食物中毒事件的发生[2]。葫芦岛市为更好地做好食品卫生工作，加大卫生质量的监管。2016年间，通过对葫芦岛市部分市售食品进行抽样检测，旨在为葫芦岛市食源性疾病的防护提供可靠的参考，现报道如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

2016年1～ 12月从葫芦岛市的集体食堂、餐饮单位、专卖店、商店、农贸市场、超市采取随机抽样的方法每个季度采集160份样本，共采集640份食品样本进行测定。样品的种类为熟制速冻米面食品、婴幼儿辅食、婴幼儿奶粉、蛋类制品、饼干和糕点类食品、盒饭、米线、米粉、鲜榨果蔬汁、即食非发酵性豆制品、熟肉食品。

1.2 方法

食品样品的检测及收集、保存等均严格依据中中华人民共和国卫生部发布的《食品卫生检验方法微生物部分》（GB/T4789-2003）实行[3]。……