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蔬菜废弃物综合利用研究进展

2017-05-17孙健程雅芳关红艳唐昭付晶晶

广西农学报 2016年6期

孙健+程雅芳+关红艳+唐昭+付晶晶

摘要:应用文献检索及归纳总结的方法,分析了近些年对蔬菜废弃物处理及综合利用的研究现状。研究发现目前主要处理方法有生产饲料、好氧堆肥、提取有效成分及转化为能源等。研究旨为蔬菜废弃物处理及综合利用研究方向,及如何提高蔬菜废弃物附加值的综合利用提供思路。

关键词:蔬菜废弃物;综合利用;资源化

中图分类号:TS255 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1003-4374(2016)06-0046-04

Abstract:【Objective】With the rapid development of economic, quantity of vegetable wastes increase year by year. Due to various reasons such as storage and processing, 30% of vegetables become wastes. It leads to economic losses and environmental pollution. Comprehensive utilization of vegetable wastes not only can reduce the waste of resources, can also improve product added value and reduce environmental pollution.【Method】Using methods of literature retrieval and summarize, the researches on vegetable waste treatment and comprehensive utilization had been reviewed.【Result】The main processing methods include production of feed, aerobic composting, extraction the effective components and energy conversion.【Conclusion】The future research orientation on vegetable waste treatment was analyzed and a train of thought was also provided for the comprehensive utilization of vegetable wastes in this paper.

Key words: Vegetable wastes; comprehensive utilization; resource

0 引言

我国是蔬菜大国,近年来广西蔬菜产量也呈逐年递增的趋势,2015年广西壮族自治区蔬菜产量2731万吨。有研究表明蔬菜产量与真实摄取量的比例为1:0.7,即30%的蔬菜产量不可食用,成为废弃物,理论上广西每年的废弃物达819.3万吨,直接经济损失80余亿元。由于农业生产技术的限制,蔬菜废弃物多被丢弃,作为垃圾最终进入填埋场进行处理,如果按基本生活垃圾处理费用每吨150元计算,广西区2015年仅仅是用于蔬菜废弃物的垃圾处理费理论上为123亿元。但由于蔬菜废弃物有机物质含量高,水分大,易腐败,产生恶臭,处理成本高,所以实际费用会更高。因此,对蔬菜废弃物进行综合利用,减少其作为垃圾的数量,不仅有利于减少资源浪费,提高产品附加值,同时可以更好的保护环境,减少环境污染。

蔬菜废弃物来源主要有两个方面,一是蔬菜食品成品及半成品生产加工过程中产生的下脚料。如蔬菜罐头或蔬菜汁加工中占有原料比例30-50%的皮,种子及根茎等构成的废弃物;……

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