张镒+柯彬彬

[摘 要] 城市旅游竞争力是在不断发展和变化的，因此，借鉴生态位理论评价城市对台旅游竞争力，在国内外研究成果的基础上，分析对台旅游竞争力生态位的影响因素，然后通过德尔菲法和专家咨询法构建了城市对台旅游竞争力生态位评价指标体系，最后，通过层次分析法计算出各层级指标的权重。研究得出，城市对台旅游竞争力生态位评价指标主要包括竞争实力、竞争潜力和竞争环境三方面，竞争实力的权重最大，其次是竞争潜力和竞争环境；竞争实力主要包括市场占有、产业结构和接待能力三方面，竞争潜力主要包括资源禀赋、经济条件和人力资源三方面，竞争环境包括自然环境、社会环境和区位条件三方面。以期在评价城市对台旅游竞争力时不仅能对城市的竞争力现状进行评价，更能对城市旅游竞争力的发展趋势进行预测。

[关键词] 生态位；旅游竞争力；指标体系；对台旅游；层次分析法

[中图分类号] F59 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1671-0037（2017）2-22-5

Construction of Taiwan Tourism Competitive Evaluation Index System of a City from Niche Perspective

Zhang Yi Ke Binbin

（1. School of Business， Quanzhou Institute of Technology， Quanzhou Fujian 362000；

2. School of Tourism， Huaqiao University， Quanzhou Fujian 362021）

Abstract： The competitiveness of urban tourism is continuously developing and changing， so we can use the niche theory to evaluate the Taiwan tourism competitiveness of a city. This paper analyzed the factors affecting the tourism competitiveness niche for Taiwan tourism on the basis of domestic and international research achievements， then constructed the niche evaluation index system of Taiwan tourism competitiveness of a city by Delphi and experts' consultation methods， and finally calculated the weight of each index by analytic hierarchy process. The research showed that niche evaluation index of Taiwan tourism competitiveness of a city mainly consisted of competition strength， competition potential and competition environment； competition strength has the largest weight， followed by competition potential and competition environment； competition strength mainly includes market share， industrial structure and reception ability； competition potential mainly includes resource endowment， economic conditions and human resources； competition environment includes natural environment， social environment and geographical conditions. It is expected that when evaluating the Taiwan tourism competitiveness of a city， the current competitiveness situation of the city can be evaluated and the development trend of the city tourism competitiveness can be predicted.

Key words： Niche； tourism competitiveness； index system； Taiwan tourism； AHP

城市旅游競争力是一个不断发展变化的动态过程，因此，对城市旅游竞争力的评价不能简单地采用截面数据进行静态评价，还应该包括动态的变化评价。生态位（niche）理论起源于生物物种竞合[1]，作为生态学的重要理论已经被广泛应用于社会学领域。生态位能够较好地评价城市旅游竞争力的现状，也能测评竞争力的变化趋势[2]。所以借鉴生态位理论来评价城市旅游竞争力，不仅能对城市的竞争力现状进行评价，更能对城市旅游竞争力的发展趋势进行预测。……