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浅析艺术类中等专业学校英语新高考七选五题型解题技巧

2017-05-06邵岚

速读·下旬 2017年3期

邵岚

七选五题型是新高考中采用的新题型,要求考生从整体上把握文正的逻辑结构和内容上的联系,理解句子之间、段落之间的关系,是对语言能力和阅读理解能力的综合测试。对于英语基础薄弱的艺术类中专学校高考生来说,是比较难掌握的题型。从我一年多的教学来看,艺术类考生对于这一题型解题基本靠猜,导致失分较多,拿零分的也不在少数。针对这种实际情况,我总结了五点适合艺考生的解题方法,希望可以帮助他们拿到几分。

1.先看选项,再读文章。七选五的位置在阅读理解三道大题之后,这时艺考生们开始头痛脑胀,如果再按照传统解法逐句翻译,势必看到选项也回忆不起前面的文章内容了。因此我建议艺考生们先看选项,通过选项中句子的句意或句子后面的标点符号大致可以判断一下该句在文章中可能的位置。

2.再看空前空后。由于句子与句子之间有一种相关的联系,所以考生们可以在选项中寻找与空前空后的句子有某种必然联系的关键词或句式,从而选择正确的答案。可以分为两种情况来判断:

(1)排比句式,也就是空前空后都是同一种句式。如果空前空后是祈使句,该题的答案也是祈使句;如果空前空后是感叹句,该题的答案也是感叹句。

(2)表逻辑关系的关键词。空后如果出现了but,however,yet,on the contrary,by contrast,on the other hand,unfortunately,while,whereas,unlike,rather than,instead of,it is true that,of course,although,though,even though,even if,nevertheless,despite,in spite of之类的词,即表示空前空后两句话为转折。值得注意的是,这类词之后所表达的意思才是最重要的,也就是“but之前都是浮云”。如果出现and,or,also,neither...nor...,either...or...,likewise,similarly,equally,in the same way,that is to say,as well as,the same as,besides,additionally,furthermore,moreover,in addition to,what is more之类的词,即表示空前空后的句子为递进关系;出现because,for,since,as,thus,hence,therefore,so,so that,consequently,accordingly,due to,thanks to,as a result,because of,in that,for this reason,of course等词,即表示因果关系;出现afterwards,at first,at last,finally,first,firstly,in the first place,to start with,in the mean time,last,later,next,second,secondly,then,third,thirdly,to begin with以及一些具体的时间的词,即表示时间顺序。背诵这些关联词,就能在选项中找到与空前空后有一致性和相关性的句子。

3.人称代词和指示代词。看似简单的代词,在句子中往往发挥着重要作用,而许多艺考生搞不清楚代词所指。保持对一些代词的敏感是非常有效的,要好好关注空白前后的名词和动词,然后在选项中查找它们的代词。在读不懂句子意思的情况下,大致可以猜测出代词所指,由此判断选项处于文章的什么位置。

4.高频单词。对于那些不能完全理解文章意思的考生来说,找准高频词是个实用方法。如果选项句子中的某一个单词或者是这个单词的近义词反复出现在空前空后,那么此选项为正确答案的几率会比较高。

5.试题的位置不同,解题的策略也不同。

(1)如果挖空在段首,说明句子是段落主题句。认真阅读该段落,根据段落一致性原则,查找相关词或者同义词,从而推测出主题句,找到答案。寻找主题句时,需要重点阅读空后的第一第二句,锁定高频单词,然后在选项中查找相关的词语。

(2)如果挖空在段中,要前瞻后望找启示,即阅读上一句结尾部分,通常正确答案与上一句结尾有机地衔接起来,并结合下一句内容,看所选的答案是否将两句内容连贯起来。一般来说正确答案与它后面的一句话的在意思上是衔接的,所以通常情况下,这两句话中会有某种的衔接手段。

(3)如果挖空在断尾,通常是总结性的语句,关键词要在空前的句子中寻找。要注意表示总结的信号词,如therefore,as a result,hence,thus,to sum up,to conclude,in short,in a word等词语,选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。

最后,通读文章是必须的,谨记方法定位,翻译定性!

以上是我总结的艺术类考生七选五题型的解题技巧。简单来说,最主要的两个步骤就是:①理清文章的逻辑和结构;②在所给的原文中找出关键词或者说是线索词。文章的整体思路能帮助你在答案中筛选出符合逻辑的选项,关键词则能帮助你确定更多的细節,排除相近的选项。这些技巧多练练就能孰能生巧。

让我们通过一篇七选五的练习来应用上文所提到的解题技巧。

Everyone has had to deal with a friend who says,“Can I borrow some money?I promise Ill pay you back.” 1 ,but here are some steps that will help you get back the money youve lent and keep your friendship complete.

Decide if you want to lend the money.It doesnt mean that you have to say yes when your friend is asking for a loan.Think carefully about whether this is something you feel comfortable doing.You may want to consider:How is your friend with money? 2 ?Why does your friend need the money?

3 .You might settle for a verbal agreement since its with someone youre close to,but putting the loan in writing will enable both of you to treat it as a business arrangement.The agreement should spell out the terms,including any interest and the punishment for late payments.

State your repayment terms clearly.Decide how much and how often payments are to be made,and then keep to that schedule. 4 .Its better to figure out what you will do if your friend cant make a payment ahead of time than trying to work it out when it happens.

Follow up in a businesslike way.Make a note in your calendar to remind your friend a few days ahead of the due date.Wait to see if your friend pays on the due date without the reminder.If not,tell him or her when you might expect payment,and let him or her explain the delay. 5 ,set a new date for the payment.

A.There is no way.

B.Once youve heard the explanation.

C.Discuss what happens if a payment is missed.

D.How much does your friend want.

E.Whether you decide to lend the money is up to you.

F.You could lose your money and relationship.

G.Put everything in writing.

1.E,從第一题空后的but可以看出,选项应是与空后句子有转折关系的句子,因此选项中只有E适合。

2.D,第二题空前空后都是同一句式,即疑问句。因此选项中只有D符合要求。

3.G,第三题挖空在句首,说明空句是主题句。寻找主题句需要着重看空后第一第二句,并且空后句子中出现but,这些信号都说明答案要在but之后的内容中寻找,因此选项G中的in writing与句子中的意思相符。

4.C,第四题挖空在中间,并且出现高频词payment,从空前空后的句子意思不难确定C是正确答案。

5.B,第五题的空前空后出现了同义词explain和explanation,因此B为正确答案。

对于艺术类考生来说,在单词量不大,理解力不强的情况下,如何通过一些技巧来拿分是很现实的。经过一年多的训练,我发现孩子们已经能够灵活运用这些技巧,每个人摸索出自己的一套方法,解题有了很大的进步,七选五也不再成为难解之题。