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层状地基与弹性薄板相互作用的边界元解

2017-04-14艾智勇蔡建邦

湖南大学学报·自然科学版 2017年3期
关键词:薄板

艾智勇+蔡建邦

摘 要:将无限大薄板的基本解作为薄板边界积分方程的核函数,对薄板的内部和边界进行离散,并假定薄板内部和边界上的节点与地基反力的分布情况,得到薄板的边界元方程组;同时基于层状地基的解析层元解,通过Guass-Legendre积分得到地基柔度矩阵;结合地基与薄板接触面上的位移协调条件,得到层状地基与薄板共同作用问题总的边界元法方程组;求解该方程组,得到层状地基与薄板共同作用问题的解答.基于本文理论,编制了相应的FORTRAN程序,通过与已有文献结果对比验证本文理论及程序的正确性,数值分析结果表明:方形基础薄板情况下,离板中心越近,垂直于坐标轴y(x)方向、距离相等的2条线段的竖向位移差越小,且该位移差随着板-土刚度比减小而减小;随着板长宽比的增大,板中心点与长边中点位移差变化不明显,而短边中心与边界角点的位移差也有相类似的规律.

关键词:边界元;层状地基;薄板;解析层元

中图分类号:TU443 文献标志码:A

文章编号:1674-2974(2017)03-0120-06DOI:10.16339/j.cnki.hdxbzkb.2017.03.015

Abstract:The kernel functions of the boundary integral equations for thin plate were determined by the fundamental solutions for an infinite thin plate. By the discretization of the plate interior and boundary as well as the assumption of the distribution states of plate nodes and foundation reaction forces, the BEM equations of the plate can be established. Meanwhile, based on the analytical layer element solutions for layered foundations, the flexibility matrix of the foundation was obtained by a two-dimensioned Guass-Legendre quadrature. Taking into account the compatible conditions of the displacements at the soils-plate interface, the global BEM equations for the interaction problem between the layered foundation and the thin plate were then established. The solutions for the problem were further obtained by solving the global BEM equations. The accuracy of the present method was verified by comparing existing solutions with the numerical results obtained from the corresponding FORTRAN program in this study. It is observed from numerical examples that when a square thin plate is placed on a foundation, the settlement difference between the two lines perpendicular to y or x coordinate decreases as they approach the center of the plate, and the difference decreases with the decrease of the plate-soil stiffness ratio. Furthermore, the settlement discrepancy between the plate center and the midpoint of the long side is unapparent with the increasing length-width ratio, and the similar variation trend can be found between the midpoint of the wide side and angular point.

Key words:boundary element; layered soils; thin plates; analytical layer element

筏板基礎具有刚度大、整体性好、能较好地抵抗不均匀沉降的优点,因此在高层建筑中得到了广泛的应用.目前,地基与板相互作用分析的方法主要有:有限差分法[1]、有限单元法[2-4]、边界单元法[5]、边界单元有限单元耦合法[6]、广义微分求积法[7]、半解析数值方法[8-10],以及有限网格法[11]等.相比于有限元、有限层等方法,边界单元法能将求解过程的维数降低一维,并具有计算时间短、精度高等优点.因此,很多学者运用边界元法来研究筏板与地基的相互作用问题.佘颖禾和朱万宁[12]将地基效应归并到地基板的弯曲微分方程内,得到了含有第三类复变量的Bessel函数的基本解,再根据该问题的边界积分方程,建立了Winkler和双参数地基上薄板的无奇异边界单元法.王建国和黄茂光[13]提出了双参数地基上薄板问题的边界单元解法.邓安福等[14]采用边界单元法研究了双参数地基上的厚板问题.Rashed等[15]通过边界元法研究了Winkler地基上的厚板问题.闫富有等[16]基于Reissner 板的边界积分方程,建立了有限压缩层地基上厚筏基础与地基相互作用分析的边界元法.

由以上研究可知,目前板土相互作用的边界单元法研究所采用的地基模型大多是Winkler和双参数地基模型.Winkler地基模型将地基对板的作用看做是一系列相互独立的弹簧,忽略了弹簧之间的剪切作用,因此只适用于很软弱的地基土.双参数地基模型虽然在独立弹簧之间引入力学的相互作用以消除其不连续性,但其参数较难获取,因而限制了它的工程应用.天然地基由于沉积而常常呈层状分布,因此采用层状地基模型更加符合工程实际.而层状地基上板的边界元研究还很少见诸报道.为此本文对层状地基与弹性薄板的共同作用问题进行边界元分析,以便精确、高效地求解基础板问题.

4 结 论

本文基于更加符合工程实际的层状地基模型,采用边界单元法来求解地基与弹性薄板的共同作用问题,并通过与已有文献结果对比,验证了本文理论与计算程序的正确性.数值分析结果表明:

1)方形基础薄板情况下,离板中心越近,垂直于y(x)方向、距离相等的2条线段的竖向位移差越小,且其随板土刚度比减小而减小.

2)随着长宽比的增大,短边中点与长边中点的挠度差也增大;但板中心点与长边中点位移差变化不明显,且短边中心与边界角点位移差也有相类似的规律.

相比于有限元、有限层等方法,边界单元法能将求解过程的维数降低一维,并具有计算时间短、精度高等优点.另外,基于层状地基的动力解析层元解[19]及达朗贝尔原理[9],还可进一步将本文工作拓展,用以分析层状地基上弹性薄板的动力响应.

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