刘创慧+易秀+周静+徐磊

摘 要：由于土壤重金属污染对植物、动物和人类健康的直接和潜在毒害，以及它的不可降解性，使得重金属污染土壤的修复受到了越来越多的关注。化学钝化修复技术作为一种重要的重金属污染土壤修复手段，是通过向土壤中添加化学材料，经过吸附、沉淀、络合、离子交换等一系列化学反应过程，降低土壤中重金属的环境风险，因其具有原位性、经济性、操作的便捷性等特点而越来越多地被应用到重金属污染土壤修复的实践中。该文通过对近年来应用于重金属污染土壤修复中的钝化材料进行分类概述，总结了各类钝化材料钝化重金属的效果、机理和应用情况，为重金属污染土壤修复提供理论依据。

关键词：重金属；污染；土壤；钝化材料

中图分类号 X53 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-7731（2017）05-0074-05

Application of Passive Materials in Remediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soils

Liu Chuanghui1，2，3，6 et al.

（1 College of Environmental Science and Engineering，Chang'an University ，Xi'an 710054，China；2 Key Laboratory of arid area groundwater and ecological effect of the Ministry of education ，Xi'an 710054，China；3 Institute of Soil Science，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Nanjing 210008，China；6 Jiangxi Academy of Science，Jiangxi Engineering Research Center of Eco-Remediation of Heavy Metal Pollution，Nanchang 330096，China）

Abstract：The issue of soil heavy metal contamination has attracted a lot of attention because of their direct or potential toxicity for plant，animal and human beings and their lack of biodegradability. Chemical remediation technology as an important remediation means which by adding chemical materials to the soil，by adsorption，precipitation，complexation，ion exchange thereby the bioavailability and mobility of the heavy metals could be decreased. Because of its economy，in-situ，convenience which made it had become a frequently-used mean in the progress of farmland contaminated soil remediation. This review summarized various stabilizers reported in recent years and the application in remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil，the mechanism，application dose. We hope this review can provide a theoretical basis for the remediation of contaminated farmland soil in China.

Key words：Heavy metal；Contamination；Soil；Stabilizers

由于人类对自然资源的大规模攫取，加之工业化和农业现代化进程的加快，使土壤污染问题越来越凸显出来[1]。在各类污染中，重金属污染是最重要的污染类型之一，土壤中的重金属被植物体吸收后很容易通过食物链进入体，从而危害人类健康[2]。重金属被美国环境保护署列为优先污染物，在全世界使用的70 000余种化学品中，铅、汞、砷和镉的毒性分别被排在第一、第二、第三和第六位[3]。近年来，由于人类活动的大规模排放，更使得重金属污染问题成为地方、区域甚至全球尺度的问题[4-5]。为了解决这一世界性问题，世界各国都开展了大量……