使用非谓语,要看“领头羊”
2017-03-28胡发高
胡发高
不定式、v-ing形式和过去分词统称为非谓语动词,它们在句中做状语、定语、宾语、表语、主语或宾语补足语。使用非谓语动词时,我们要看“领头羊”。
所谓看“领头羊”,实际上就是看非谓语动词的前面是什么词语、什么结构或什么句型。英语中,非谓语动词的用法是有一定规则的。例如,在动词enjoy后要接v-ing形式做宾语,表示“喜欢做某事”。但在动词wish后则要接带to的不定式做宾语,表示“希望做某事”。由此可见,辨用非谓语形式时,看“领头羊”的方法是至关重要的,也是十分有效的。
一、“领头”的是介词时,后面的非谓语用v-ing形式。另外,be / get used to(习惯于),look forward to(盼望),pay attention to(注意),stick to(坚持)等短语中的to属于介词,因此后面的非谓语也都是用v-ing形式。
【易错警示】
used to,have to,be able to,ought to,in order to,so as to等短语中的to属于不定式符号,后面要接动词原形。
【中考链接】
1. (2016年武威卷) We talked about _____ new words.
A. learn B. learned
C. learning D. to learn
2. (2016年西宁卷) I hope everyone can care about _____ the environment and stop _____ things.
A. protecting; wasting
B. protecting; to waste
C. protect; wasting
D. protect; to waste
3. (2016年六盘水卷) My father used to drive to work, but he is used to _____ now.
A. walking B. walked
C. walks D. walk
4. (2016年齐齐哈尔卷) After dinner, he used to _____ computer games, but now he is used to _____.
A. play; walk B. playing; walking
C. play; walking
5. (2016年陕西卷) Students should pay attention to _____ the teacher in class instead of _____ something useless.
A. listen to; doing B. listen to; do
C. listening; doing D. listening to; doing
6. (2016年龙东卷) My grandfather _____ live in the countryside, but now he _____ living in the city.
A. used to; used to
B. got used to; gets used to
C. used to; gets used to
Key: 1~5 CAACD 6. C
二、“领头”的是consider,enjoy,finish,imagine,keep,mind,practice,suggest等动词时,后面的非谓语用v-ing形式。
【中考链接】
1. (2016年上海卷) After she finished _____ the story, Alice wrote a review for her school newspaper.
A. read B. reads
C. to read D. reading
2. (2016年长沙卷) —Janes spoken English is pretty good.
—Yeah, she works hard and practices _____ it both in and out of class.
A. spoke B. to spoke
C. speaking
3. (2016年兰州卷) The fridge doesnt work. Why not consider _____ a new one?
A. buy B. bought
C. to buy D. buying
Key: 1~3 DCD
三、“領头”的是busy,worth等形容词及短语feel like时,后面的非谓语用v-ing形式,分别表示“忙于做某事”“某事值得做”和“想要做某事”。
【中考链接】
1. (2016年衡阳卷) The novel is great. Its well worth _____.
A. read B. reads
C. reading
2. (2016年巴中卷) Tina is busy ______ at school, but she never forgets ______ her mother every day.
A. work; to call
B. working; to call
C. working; calling
3. (2016年齐齐哈尔卷) We feel like _____ some food and drink because well invite some friends _____ in a party.
A. buying; to join
B. to buy; joining
C. buying; join
Key: 1~3 CBA
四、“领头”的是agree,choose,decide,expect,fail,force,hope,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,learn,want,wish,ask、tell、allow、advise等动词时,后面的非谓语用带to的不定式。
【中考链接】
1. (2016年天津卷) I wanted to see the Beijing Opera, so Lingling offered _____ me to watch an opera.
A. took B. takes
C. to take D. taking
2. (2016年攀枝花卷) Tom has decided _____ a part-time job after he graduates from school.
A. do B. to do
C. did D. doing
3. (2016年上海卷) I cant tell you what she said. Ive promised _____ it a secret.
A. keep B. to keep
C. keeping D. kept
4. (2016年邵阳卷) She said she hoped _____ her daughter.
A. to see B. you to see
C. seeing
5. (2016年广东卷) Leonardo DiCaprio, a famous American actor, was always expecting _____ an Oscar and finally he made it.
A. to win B. winning
C. not to win D. not winning
6. (2016年张家界卷) If we want _____ to a good college, wed better study hard.
A. go B. going
C. to go
7. (2016年重慶A卷) You should ask Bob _____ his own clothes. He is ten years old now.
A. wash B. washes
C. washing D. to wash
8. (2016年临沂卷) These people dress themselves in bloody shark suits. They tell people _____ shark fins in order to protect sharks.
A. eat B. to eat
C. not eat D. not to eat
9. (2016年南充卷) My parents dont allow me _____ late.
A. stay up B. to stay up
C. stays up D. staying up
10. (2016年郴州卷) —Why are you so excited?
—Nancy invited me _____ on a trip on Dongjiang Lake just now.
A. to go B. go
C. going
11. (2016年苏州卷) Our teacher often advises us _____ the habit of making notes while reading.
A. to develop B. develop
C. to developing D. developing
Key: 1~5 CBBAA 6~10 CDDBA 11. A
五、“领头”的是have, make, let等“使役动词”时,后面接不带to的不定式做宾语补足语,表示“使/让某人做某事”。
【易错警示】
如果是被动式,make后面的宾语补足语则要带to。……
