“用情专一”的情态动词
2017-03-28刘红
刘红
情态动词是中考常考考点。情态动词本身有一定的意义,但是不能独立做谓语,必须和动词原形一起构成句子的谓语部分。另外,情态动词没有人称和数的变化,也就是说主语是第三人称单数时情态动词后边不加-s;情态动词没有非谓语形式,即没有不定式、分词、动名词形式。由此看来,说它“用情专一”一点都不为过。
一、常见情态动词的用法
1. can
①表示“会、能够”,指具备某种能力。如:
Lang Lang can play the piano very well. 郎朗钢琴弹得很好。
I cant swim at all. 我根本不会游泳。
②和may一样,表示“请求或许可”。如:
Can / May I come in? 我可以进来吗?
Can / May you give me a hand? 你能帮我一下吗?
③表示“怀疑、不确定或猜想”。如:
Can it be true? 那是真的吗?
He cant be a student. 他不可能是一个学生。
④could除了做can的过去式外,还可表示一种委婉的语气或用于不太肯定的推测。如:
Could you come with me? 你能和我一起去吗?
The bike could be Toms. 那辆自行车可能是汤姆的。
⑤be able to意为“能、会”,和can的意思基本一样。be able to强调通过努力而获得的能力;而can则强调自身已具有的能力。另外,can只有两种时态(一般现在时和一般过去时);而be able to可以有多种时态。如:
I hope Chinese Womens Volleyball team will be able to win the Olympic gold medal. 我希望中国女排能够赢得奥运会金牌。
You will be able to pass the exam if you work hard at it. 只要你努力,你就会考试及格。
Luckily, he was able to win the match in the end. 幸运的是,他终于赢得了比赛。
【链接中考】
1. (2016年重庆B卷) He _____ speak English very well although he has studied it for only one year.
A. mustnt B. cant
C. must D. can
2. (2016年天津卷) —Mum, _____ I play football this afternoon?
—Sure, but you _____ finish your homework first.
A. may; could B. can; must
C. can; mustnt D. may; cant
3. (2016年上海卷) A good friend is someone you _____ share your pleasure and pain with.
A. ought B. need
C. can D. must
4. (2016年临沂卷) Students _____ enjoy the colorful school life if they study at home instead of going to school.
A. mustnt B. cant
C. must D. can
5. (2016年苏州卷) —What does Justin Biebers song Never Say Never impress you most?
—It tells us that we _____ do almost anything if we never give up.
A. can B. have to
C. should D. need
6. (2016年安徽卷) Please dont make so much noise. I _____ hear the speaker very well.
A. neednt B. mustnt
C. cant D. shouldnt
Key: 1~5 DBCBA 6. C
2. may
①表示“許可或请求”,其否定回答要用cant 或mustnt。如:
—May I go home now? 我现在可以回家了吗?
—No, you cant / mustnt. 不,你不能。
②表示“可能性或猜测”。如:
You may be right. 你也许是对的。
She may be a good teacher. 她可能是一个好老师。
③表示请求时,might比may更客气;表示推测时,might比may更不确定。如:
He might be ill, but I dont know. 他可能病了,不过我也不知道。
You might have helped me when I asked you. 我请你帮忙时,你本可以帮我的。
【链接中考】
7. (2016年……
