柿属6种药用植物营养期叶片辅助鉴别研究
2017-02-16依泽乔娟娟陆耕宇吴刚谢国勇秦民
依泽+乔娟娟+陆耕宇+吴刚+谢国勇+秦民坚



[摘要]为建立柿属药用植物的营养期辅助鉴别方法,对该属6种植物的叶片脉序、叶表皮形态、叶解剖结构、叶粉末等特征进行比较观察。结果表明所观察的该属植物叶片的二级脉与三级脉具有鉴别意义; 该属植物叶表皮皆具有单细胞非腺毛,大多具有腺毛; 个别种的粉末中可见石细胞。通过研究,获得了柿属药用植物叶片的主要区别点,并据此建立了实用的鉴别检索表,为柿属药用植物的营养期鉴定和柿叶生药基原植物的准确鉴定提供了科学依据。
[关键词]柿属; 鉴定; 叶表皮; 叶脉; 解剖特征
[Abstract]To establish a method for the identification of five species and one variety of medicinal plants fromDiospyros, their leaf veins, epidermis, anatomic and powder characters were observed and compared with macro-morphological and microscopic methods. The results indicated the differences of secondary and tertiary veins among thoseDiospyros species. The single cell non-glandular hair and glandular hair exist in most species′ epidermis while stone cells were only found in the leaf powders of two species. Through the study, the main differences of leaf macro- and micro-morphology of these species were obtained and practical keys were also established, which can provide scientific base not only for identification of these species during their vegetative stages, but also for accuracy authentication of the source of Kaki Folium.
[Key words]Diospyros; identification; leaf epidermis; leaf vein; anatomic character
doi:10.4268/cjcmm20162110
柿属Diospyros L.植物为落叶或常绿乔木或灌木,全世界约500种,主产于热带地区; 我国有57种,其中江苏省有6种,1变种[1]。柿属植物的经济价值较大,柿D. kaki Thunb.的果实可食用,亦可入药,柿蒂为常用中药材;柿叶被收载于《中国药典》附录[2],具有清热解毒、润肺等作用;老鸦柿D. rhombifolia Hermsl.的根和枝入药可活血利胆等[3]。目前对柿属植物的研究主要有化学成分、药理作用、食品饮料的开发等[4-6]。
当前全国正在开展中药资源普查试点工作[7]。柿属植物的营养期较长,其叶片大多椭圆状卵形或倒卵形,极易混淆。在野生药用植物外业调查过程中碰到的多是其营养生长时期,这给野外药用植物基原鉴定工作带来了一定困难。
20世纪70年代初期,Hickey等[8-9]阐释了叶片宏观形态系统研究的内容及意义,已广泛应用于现代植物学研究,并提供了重要的分类和鉴定依据[10-12]。……
