A Minor Figure, a Large History: A Study of Johan Su, a Sichuan Catholic Convert in the Early Qing Dynasty

Song Gang

Abstract:This article compares four rare Chinese Christian texts held in several libraries in Europe and America.By using a number of other relevant sources on the Catholic Church in late imperial China, it reconstructs the life stories of an obscure Chinese convert from Sichuan in the early Qing period, whose name was identified as Johan Su.In this micro-historical study, I will reveal how Su assisted Jean Basset (1662─1707),a missionary from the Missions étrangères de Paris, in their first Chinese translation of the New Testament.He further compiled a Gospel Harmony by himself, thereby leaving an unnamed yet significant work for the later generations, particularly the Protestant Biblical translations initiated by Robert Morrison (1782─1834) and his peers in the early 19thcentury.Along his journey from Sichuan to Guangzhou and Macau, Su not only was involved in the intense contests among the Catholic orders in China, but also served as a Chinese secretary of the papal legate Carlo T.Maillardde Tournon (1668─1710) during his exile in Macau.Moreover, in one of his unsent letters Su expressed the voice of “the most humble one in the Church” in defense of Tournon, and at the same time cast severe criticisms at the despicable acts of the Jesuits.His descriptions thus completely overturned the idealistic image of “Western scholars” cherished by the Jesuits since the late Ming period.To reveal the remarkable life of this “minor figure” can enrich our understanding of some previously untended subjects and remind us of their particular value in supplementing and rewriting the macro-history of the Catholic Church in late imperial China.

Key words:Johan Su, Jean Basset, Jesuits, Maillard de Tournon, Chinese Rites Controversy

A Brief Study ofSumma Theologiaein China

Hu Wenting

Abstract:Thomas Aquinas and hisSummaTheologiaehave been hot topics in Chinese philosophical circles for a long time.With the great efforts made by Professor Duan Dezhi in the translation and publication ofSumma Theologiae, more research achievements have been made.But they mainly focus on natural theology, linguistic philosophy, ethics aesthetics, etc..Few scholars pay attention to the question of how Thomas Aquinas’ ideas were introduced into China during the Late-Ming and Early-Qing dynasties, and to the translation of the book at that period.This article tries to do primary studies on the above issues.

Key words:SummaTheologiae, Lodovico Buglio,ChaoxingXueyao, early Jesuits in China

Vladimir Solovyov and Russian Sinology

Zhang Bing

Abstract:As a representative of humanistic ideas in the Russian “Silver Age”, Vladimir Solovyov wrote some articles about Sinology, but received little attention in academic circles.From his articles, we can say that Solovyov, in some way, has a deep understanding of the thoughts of the pre-Qin philosophers, such as Confucius and Laozi.Moreover, in Russian Sinological circles, Solovyov first introduced the term “Yellow Peril”, by which he actually meant a kind of natural disaster harmful to agricultural production.But the idea was misunderstood by the later writers.There is no doubt that Solovyov’s thoughts are too important for the study of Sinology to be ignored.

Key words:Vladimir Solovyov, philosophical thought, Confucius and Laozi, “Yellow Peril”, Sinology

Adolphe Clarence Scott and Chinese Theatre

Chen Sisi

Abstract:Through introducing the American sinologist Adolphe Clarence Scott’s cultural identity and his works on Chinese theatre, this thesis mainly focuses on his contributions in his introduction and translation of Chinese theatre in the Western world.Scott employed a comparative method to study Chinese theatre in the era of China’s social change, and made great efforts to promote the spread of Chinese theatre into the Western world.His introduction not only covers professional knowledge of Chinese theatre, but also makes reference to Chinese history and social circumstances at that period.Therefore, it shows the profound relationship between this Sinologist and Chinese theatre.

Key words:Adolphe Clarence Scott, comparative method, Chinese theatre, translation and introduction,Peking Opera celebrities

The Formation of Miyazaki Ichisada’s Historical View of Oriental History: Experiences in His Youth and Their Inf l uences

Lü Chao

Abstract:Miyazaki Ichisada, one of the representative Japanese scholars in oriental history studies, is regarded as a core figure of the Oriental History School of the second generation.As a boy, Miyazaki started to learn French from a priest in his hometown.And when a youth Miyazaki was admitted to Kyoto University to study under the supervision of such masters as Naito Konan, Kuwabara Jistuzo, Haneda Toru etc..In the year of 1932, Miyazaki was dispatched to Shanghai where he experienced and witnessed the Sino—Japanese War.During the two years following 1936, as a visiting scholar in France, Miyazaki also visited countries in Western Asia all by himself.This paper attempts to clarify the influential factors in the formation of Miyazaki’s historical view through exploring his experiences prior to his prime, and then delineates the formation track.

Key words:Miyazaki Ichisada, oriental history, the formation of historical view

James Legge’s Religious Complex and Comparative Religious Studies in His Translation of the Chinese Classics

Li Yuliang

Abstract:James Legge’s experience of translating the Chinese classics falls into two stages with 1876 as dividing line in which he came to Oxford as the chair of Chinese.At the former stage, he implanted “God” and concocted a polytheistic hierarchy in his translation of the nine Confucian classics, revealing his intention to prove the ubiquity of “God” and to show his sense of supremacy of Christianity, while relegating Confucianism to a lower position.At the latter stage, under the influence of F.Max Müller, a leading linguist and scholar of comparative religious studies, Legge claimed to represent the features and the original appearance of the indigenous religions in ancient China through translatingTheSacredBooksofChina, showing an inclination to comparison of religions.However, his view of Christianity being supreme stayed unchanged substantially all the time, and as a result, “the original appearance” of “the indigenous religions in ancient China” represented inThe SacredBooksofChinawas, unavoidably, a distortion.Therefore, although Legge introduced Chinese culture to the western world, his work signified a serious misdirection, which reflects that, as a matter of fact, translation has covertly rewritten the history of religious thought.

Key words:James Legge, translation of the Classics, religious complex, Christianization of Confucianism,comparison of religions

Hoeing a Hard Row in the Field of Poetry Translation: Shi Yingzhou, a Famous Translator of Chinese Poetry

Hou Changlin

Abstract:As a dedicated translator of Chinese classical poetry, Shi Yingzhou made remarkable achievements in both the practice and theory of poetry translation.This paper, based on the study of Shi’s workChinese-English BilingualTangandSongPoetry, conducts an analysis of Shi’s theory from the perspective of the content and form of poems as well as the different levels of faithfulness.Shi’s ideal of translation can be said “perfect”, yet idealized translations cannot be guaranteed as poetry-translation is bound to be an art of regretfulness.

Key words:Shi Yingzhou, poetry-translation, faithfulness, evaluation

Translation and Study of the “Preface” of E.C.Bowra’s English Version of Eight Chapters fromHongloumeng

Ren Xiankai

Abstract:This article is mainly a translation and study of the “preface” of E.C.Bowra’s English version of eight chapters fromHongloumeng.This preface, which is valuable for the studies of the English translation ofHongloumengand Chinese Studies overseas.It was written and published in the mid-19thcentury, and shows an “oriental” imagination of Europeans forHongloumengand Chinese culture.This article clarifies the basic facts about the preface in the first place, and then offers a Chinese translation of it, and finally gives an academic discussion on the mis-readings of the text between Chinese and European cultures.

Key words:E.C.Bowra, English version ofHongloumeng, “preface”, Chinese translation

Rebuilding Chinese Traditional Historiography through Communication and Dialogue: A Case Study of the History of Acceptance of Zhang Xuecheng’s Thought

Gu Xiaowei

Abstract:Since the time when Liang Qichao adopted a theory of Western evolution to reform “Chinese traditional historiography” and to advocate “New History”, the view of western modernity has obviously become the Chinese frame of reference.Chinese and Western historiographies have thus embarked on a journey of “homogenization”.Firstly, according to the interaction and counterchange of Chinese and Western historiographies, this paper attempts to take the history of acceptance of Zhang Xuecheng’s historiography as a clue to analyze the differences and similarities of the acceptance of Zhang’s viewpoints on Marxist historiography,positivist historiography, as well as ethnic cultural historiography.Secondly, this paper attempts to explore the development of international Sinological studies of Zhang Xuecheng’s historiography.Thirdly, it aims to reestablish Chinese-style historiography (Jiaxue) in the context of globalization, which, in other words, is to motivate traditional historiography’s power for the future of the world historiography.

Key words:Liang Qichao, Zhang Xuecheng, traditional historiography, New History, world historiography

Tentative Textual Research on Naito Konann’s Adoption of Zhao Yi’s Thoughts in HisMedieval Chinese Culture

Shan Lei

Abstract:Naito Konan adopted in his well-known monographMedievalChineseCulturemany notes fromTwenty-twoHistoricalBooksandGaiyucongkao, which were written by Zhao Yi, a major figure of textual historiography in the Qianlong and Jiaqing periods of the Qing Dynasty.Naito Konan was impacted profoundly by Zhao Yi in many ways, such as viewpoint, research methods, the process of presentation of ideas and literal expression.Comparing both writers’ narration of some phenomena of Han Dynasty and Tang Dynasty,we can find that Naito Konan inherited and, to some extend, adopted some of Zhao Yi’s thoughts in hisMedieval ChineseCulture.

Key words:Zhao Yi, Naito Konan,MedievalChineseCulture, adoption

Translation and Publication of ChineseMing-QingFiction in Vietnam in the Early 20thCentury (1900—1930)

Wang Jia

Abstract:Early in the 20thcentury, Vietnam experienced the booming translation ofMing-Qingfiction,which resulted in a great number of translated works.This wave made an unprecedented profound impact on Vietnamese society and literature.This paper aims for a thorough examination of this translation wave and attempts to give an in-depth analysis of its causes and characteristics.

Key words:early 20thcentury, Vietnam,Ming-Qingfiction, translation

The “Other” Refracted: A Study of the Image of the West in Wu Li’sSanbaji

Jiang Xiangyan

Abstract:This article applies the theory of imagology from comparative literature to analyze the image of the West, that is, the other refracted through the description of “Aozhong zayong” and “Shengxueshi” in Wu Li’sSanbaji.Also studied is Wu Li’s attitude to this image of the“other” as well as the its significance to the Chinese in Wu Li’s time.

Key words:Wu Li,Sanbaji, the West, image of the “other” refracted

The Conception of China in Nikolay Stepanovich Gumilyov’s Poems

Zhang Xiaofeng

Abstract:Nikolay Stepanovich Gumilyov is considered as an outstanding representative in the Silver Age of Russian literature and as an influential leader of Acmeism.In his short life, he had never been to China, but was attracted by the exotic sky of China, creating many poems of relevant themes.Consequently, he objectively constructed a gorgeous and colorful image of China.His concept of China was formulated at the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century, which is presented in his poetic creation by three main types: “outlook on the scene”, “figures” and “happiness”.After an investigation of the nature of the poet’s conception of China, I think that his poetry reflects his concept and attitude of China based on his Russian cultural position.Accordingly I advocate that the formation of the poet’s unique conception of China is mainly influenced by the cultural atmosphere of the Silver Age, his creation of poetry, and his personal interest in world culture.

Key words:Nikolay Stepanovich Gumilyov, poetry, conception of China, reason

An Initial Research on the Manuscript Bilingual Chinese Dictionaries of the National Library of Sweden

Yang Huiling

Abstract:Henry Cordier in hisBibliotheca Sinicarecorded that there’s a number of manuscript dictionaries in the nowadays National Library of Sweden.However centuries later, no research not even any information from the library catalog is known.A field trip to the library reveals that collection from oblivion.The manuscript dictionaries were gifts from the Sweden East Indian Company to the former queen Lovisa Ulrica (1720—1782).The first serious reader of the manuscripts was August Strindberg (1849—1912), librarian and the founding father of the modern Sweden literature.He composed a draft catalog of the Chinese collections which include 41 prints and 8 manuscripts, and provided Cordier the information.This paper traces the origins of the manuscript dictionaries, supplies the details and evaluates their value from the perspective of the history of Sino-western relations.

Key words:National Library of Sweden,Bibliotheca Sinica, manuscript, Bilingual Chinese dictionaries

A Milestone of Poetry Translation: The Russian Translation of Four Volumes ofChinese Poetry

Gu Yu

Abstract:In the 1950s, Chinese scholars and Soviet Sinologists selected and edited cooperatively a fourvolume Russian version ofChinesePoetry, whose first three volumes are translations of ancient Chinese poems,and the fourth one is that of modern Chinese poems.This cooperation is a milestone in the history of the cultural communication between China and Russia.The advantage of Chinese and Russian scholars working together in the translation of Chinese poems was that they could combine both of their strengths, guarantee the quality of translation, and promote the spread of Chinese literature in the world.

Key words:ChinesePoetry, cooperation, Russian translation of Chinese poetry

Comments on David Hawkes’ English Translation ofJiu bian

Yan Xiaojiang

Abstract:Jiubian, written by the famous master ofciandfuSong Yu, creates the source of sentimental literature of desolate autumn in the history of Chinese literature, reflecting the theme of “the poor official’s losing office and his disconsolation ”.Aiming to spread Chinese culture, the British Sinologist David Hawkes takes foreignization as the main strategy and domestication as the supplement in his translation.By using the form of blank verse, his English version interprets this masterpiece’s Chinese connotations well.The translation is characterized by its features of faithfulness, readability and academic flavor.As a result, the translator respects the ethnic essence of the source culture, takes due consideration of the target readers’ cognitive context and acceptance, obeys English poetic norms and aesthetic tendencies, and also focuses on the spirit of the source of the Chinese originals.

Key words:English translation ofJiubian, principle of faithfulness, readers’ acceptance, communicative translation

Problem of Style?—Reconsidering the PaintingMachang Lays Low the Enemy Ranks(Machang zhuozhen tu) in the Berlin Collection

Wang Ching-Ling

Abstract:In the collection of the Museum für Asiatishe Kunst, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, there is a hand scroll painting entitledMachangLaysLowtheEnemyRanks(Machangzhuozhentu).The painting depicts Machang, a Manchu officer, defeating his enemies in a battle against the Dzungar tribes of Central Asia in the 18thcentury.For a long time this painting was not considered to be an original of Giuseppe Castiglione(1688—1766), but rather a workshop piece, since there is another identical work in the collection of the“National” Palace Museum, Taipei.This paper firstly deals with the authorship of the painting.And then I try to prove that the painting in the Berlin collection is also an original work painted by Giuseppe Castiglione through archival materials and to discuss the context of producing the multiple versions of the paintings in the Qing court.

Key words:Giuseppe Castiglione (Lang Shining), Machang,MachangLaysLowtheEnemyRanks(Machang zhuozhen tu)

拉铁摩尔与中国学术

《边疆的背影》是作者袁剑针对欧文·拉铁摩尔（Owen Lattimore，1900—1989）所做的一个个案研究。此书于2016年3月由社会科学文献出版社出版。作者从拉铁摩尔本人在中国的人生经历出发，从知识建构的角度，梳理了20世纪初至今中国学界对于拉铁摩尔及其理论的接受过程，并通过对他在中国边疆地区所进行的田野考察活动的细致梳理，对他与当时中国学界和政治界的联系进行分析，并在此基础上对拉铁摩尔在华研究过程中所提出的相关核心概念与理论范式进行归纳与反思。

拉铁摩尔是一位享誉世界的汉学家、蒙古学家、地缘政治学家。著有《满洲：冲突的摇篮》（Manchuria, Cradle of Conflict, 1932）、《满洲的蒙古人》（The Mongols of Manchuria, 1934）、《现代中国的形成》（The Making of Modern China, 1944）及《中国的历史与革命》（History and Revolution in China, 1970）等。他在20世纪中国学术和政治中曾经扮演过非常重要的角色，同时对中国边疆研究也做出了开创性的贡献。费正清（John K.Fairbank, 1907—1991）曾如此评价拉铁摩尔：“欧文通过他的想象力，结合实地观察，建立了一座历史理论的城堡。”

作者袁剑，1981年生，江苏苏州人，历史学博士，中央民族大学世界民族学人类学研究中心教师，硕士生导师，曾先后在德国、英国、俄罗斯、奥地利、哈萨克斯坦等国学习、访问，主要研究领域为边疆研究、内亚研究，兼及海外民族志。译有《危险的边疆：游牧帝国与中国》（The Perilous Frontier: Nomadic Empires and China, 1989），合编有《他乡是故乡：拉铁摩尔与边疆中国》（2016）。（WANG）