空间飞行器阻尼减振设计与应用
2017-01-18李海岩廉永正吕静王彬张盛
李海岩 廉永正 吕静 王彬 张盛
摘要:
在空间飞行器结构设计中,为改善仪器设备的振动环境,基于结构模态特性和动力学响应的关系,以某型号空间飞行器为例开展阻尼减振设计.通过仿真分析及地面试验,对减振设计的有效性进行验证.结果表明:在结构模态中的最大应变部位周围附加阻尼层可有效降低结构振动.结构测点在共振峰附近的放大倍数显著降低,最大降低幅度超过90%;结构测点的随机振动响应量级降至设备耐受能力范围之内,阻尼减振设计达到预期目的.
关键词:
空间飞行器; 振动; 约束阻尼; 减振; 模态特性; 动力学响应; 有限元; 试验
中图分类号: V19
文献标志码: B
Abstract:
To optimize the vibration environment for equipment in the procedure of spacecraft structural design, the damping vibration reduction design of a certain type of spacecraft is done based on the relationship between the structural modal feature and dynamic response. The effectiveness of the vibration reduction design is validated by simulation analysis and ground experiments. The results show that the structural vibration can be effectively reduced by adding damping layer around the maximum strain area. The amplification factor near the resonance peak is significantly reduced and the maximum reduction range is more than 90%. The random vibration response of the structural measure point is reduced to the range of tolerance capability. The damping vibration reduction design achieves the expected goal.
Key words:
spacecraft; vibration; constrained damping; vibration reduction; modal analysis; dynamic response; finite element; experiment
0引言
随着航天技术的发展,越来越多的军、民用空间飞行器步入太空轨道.在运载器主动段,空间飞行器历经较为复杂的振动和噪声环境,可能导致电子器件失效、仪器仪表失灵、机械零部件寿命缩短等问题,严重影响空间飞行器的可靠性,甚至造成飞行任务失败.[1]因此,空间飞行器的减振设计成为环境工程中的关键技术问题.
近几十年来,以黏弹性阻尼材料为基础的阻尼减振技术得到长足发展,航天工程中多种型号采用阻尼减振设计[26],但目前阻尼减振设计尚未形成统一规范,且经常在初样产品地面试验后进行一些更改性设计或大面积应用阻尼材料,导致减振设计受到结构方案限制或阻尼材料不必要的浪费.因此,在结构设计初期,基于结构……
