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商用车传动轴的传动效率试验对比分析

2016-12-19杨晓明虞阳江小柯孙金其

汽车科技 2016年6期

杨晓明 虞阳 江小柯 孙金其

摘 要:有三种商用车传动轴,进行传动轴的传动效率试验。通过试验数据进行对比分析,得出影响传动效率的因素有万向节夹角、档位等。试验结果显示,夹角增加时传动效率降低;转速升高时传动效率降低;在低转速传动效率趋势较平缓;在高转速传动效率下降趋势变快;转速差波动小时,扭矩差曲线也可以得到与传动效率曲线相似的规律。

关键词:商用车;传动轴;传动效率;扭矩差; 对比分析

中图分类号:U463.216 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1005-2550(2016)06-0088-05

Abstract: There are three kinds of transmission shafts for commercial vehicle, the experiment was done according to the test standard of transmission shaft transmission efficiency test. Based on the comparison and analysis of the test data, it is concluded that the factors affecting the efficiency of the transmission are the angle of the universal joint, the gear position and so on. Test results show that the transmission efficiency decreased with the angle of the universal joint increasing; it decreased with the increasing of speed; in low speed transmission efficiency trend is gentle; in high speed transmission efficiency trend decline; the fluctuations of speed difference of is small, the torque curve can also get the law similar to the transmission efficiency curves.

Key Words: Commercial vehicle; Transmission shaft; Transmission efficiency; Torque difference; Comparative analysis

1 前言

发动机与驱动轮之间的动力传递装置为传动系,传动性能的好坏将直接影响到商用车行驶性能的优劣,对商用车的性能有非常重要的影响。传动系主要是为了实现商用车的减速增扭、变速、倒档、轮间差速以及必要时中断动力传递,与发动机配合工作,能保证商用车在各种工况条件下的正常行驶。

万向传动轴一般是由万向节、传动轴和中间支撑组成。传动轴作用是在汽车行驶过程中传递转矩和旋转运动。万向传动轴是传动系统的核心部分,变速箱的动力通过传动轴接收,把动力传递给后桥,从而驱动汽车正常行驶。由于传动轴结构是两段轴式,即由3个万向节与2段轴组成,动力在经过传动轴的过程中,由于轴的材料和结构特性与万向节的存在,不可避免的会有能量的损失。由于传动轴结构本身的运动学、动力学特点,工作过程中高速旋转,当汽车行驶时,路况的不同,商用车的车轮会上下跳动,使得传动轴的2个万向节轴间夹角不为零且经常变化,从而造成传动系统的能量与效率有所损失;……

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