张国强

高考完形填空题的特点是突出语篇，以文章的语境理解为主，考查同学们综合运用语言知识的能力。所以准确把握短文的大意是正确答题的基础。本文归纳同学们在解题时容易出现的几种错误，希望能对同学们解题有所帮助。

[易错点1：][忽视首句或首段的作用]

首句往往是整篇文章的引领句，概括了整篇文章的中心和作者的写作意图。细读首句可以判断文章体裁，预测文章大意和主旨。完形填空的命题原则一般是文章第一句不设空，以使同学快速进入语境，并通过这一“窗口”，把握整篇文章。一般来说，记叙文类的文章的首句会交代4个W（when，where，who，what），说明文类的文章的首句会解释要说明的对象，议论文类的文章的首句会提出一个论点。

例1 Diane Ray was completely self-centred and very spoilt. Her parents gave her 36 she wanted， knowing that she would throw a temper tantrum（耍小孩脾气） if they did not. She would scream and kick and 37 on the floor drumming her heels. Her parents always 38 .

36. A. either B. neither

C. nothing D. everything

37. A. jump B. lie

C. spin D. sleep

38. A. set out B. set in

C. gave in D. gave out

解析 DBC。由文章首句Diane Ray was completely self-centred and very spoilt. 可知，Diane Ray完全以自我为中心而且被宠坏了，她的父母会给她想要的一切（everything），否则，她会躺（lie）在地上尖叫、踢腾，因此，父母总是向她让步（gave in）。

例2 Every morning I continued to watch the man with interest. So far I havent seen anyone fail to wave back. I find it interesting that one person can make such a difference to so many peoples lives by doing one simple thing like waving and smiling warmly. His cheerfulness armed the start of my day. With a friendly wave and smiling face he had changed the 35 of the whole neighborhood.

35. A. trends B. observations

C. regulations D. feelings

解析 D。本段前面提到作者看到the guard向陌生人挥手时，对方也挥手致谢，即使是一个表情刻板的商人也不例外。由此可见，微笑着向别人挥手改变的是他们的“感情”。前三项分别表示“趋势”“观察”“规章”，都与文章大意不符。

[易错点2：][把握情感态度不准确]

几乎每篇完形填空的语境都有一定的褒贬性，这种褒贬性反映了主人公的特定心理状态和情绪以及作者的写作意图。语境题在完形填空题中已占有一半题量，利用好文章的语境关系就能对文章进行准确的逻辑判断，在理解文意的基础上推断出每一空的准确信息从而确定答案。……