如何复习词的固定搭配?
2016-11-19刘玉
刘玉
先请看一道完形填空真题:
例1 (2015新课标Ⅰ卷) ... My 10-year-old noticed him and made a 43 on how bad it must be to have to stand 44(outside) in the cold wind. ... Stepping out not only helped a brother in 59 , it also gave my kids the 60(sweet) taste of helping others ...
43. A. suggestion B. comment
C. decision D. call
59. A. need B. love
C. fear D. memory
解析 43. B。考查的是动词make的固定搭配(make+名词)。make a suggestion意为“提出建议”, make a comment意为“作出评论”,make a decision意为“作决定”,make a call意为“打电话”。根据上下文语境,此处应选答案B。
59. A。考查的是介词in的固定搭配(in+名词)。in need意为“在贫困中,在危难中”,in love意为“相爱”,in fear意为“恐惧地”,in memory“在记忆中”。根据上下文语境,此处应选答案A。
这两道题考查的都是词组的固定搭配,请再看以下真题:
例2 (2014新课标Ⅰ卷) ... For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about 43 with their new toys ... Before people retire, they usually 55 to do a lot of 56(great) things, which they never had 57(time) to do while working ...
43. A. working B. living
C. playing D. going
55. A. need B. learn
C. plan D. start
解析 这两道题答案均为C,考查的是动词词组辨析。第43题考查的是“动词+介词with”的搭配;第55题考查的是“动词+不定式”结构。
例3 (2013新课标Ⅰ卷) I went to a group activity, “Sensitivity Sunday”, which was to make us more 36 the problems faced by disabled people. We were asked to “ 37(adopt) a disability” for several hours one Sunday. Some members, 38(like me) , chose to use wheelchairs. Others wore sound-blocking earplugs(耳塞) or blindfolds(眼罩).
36. A. curious about B. interested in
C. aware of D. careful with
解析 36. C。考查的是形容词词组辨析。curious about“对……感到好奇”;interested in“对……感兴趣”;aware of“意识到,明白”;careful with“认真,细心”。根据上下文语境可知,该小组活动的目的是让“我们”更加了解残疾人面对的问题。所以选C。
从近三年的高考题可看出,随着高考英语命题更贴近生活与实际应用,对词的固定搭配的考查越来越频繁,考查对象主要是动词、形容词、介词等的固定搭配。
那么如何对词的固定搭配进行有效的复习呢?
归类法
英语中的固定搭配极为丰富,把它们分门别类地进行复习是大有好处的。归类,是指把具有相同用法的词归纳在一起理解,以便于记忆。首先可以根据词性将固定搭配分为名词、动词、形容词、介词的固定搭配等,然后根据各类词的不同特点进行细分。
1. 名词的固定搭配
(1)介词+名词。如:
on show/display/sale/strike/duty/trial 在……中
of value/significance/use/color/age/size/height/weight/importance 具有……
to ones joy/surprise/pleasure/astonishment/sorrow/delight 令某人……的是
in surprise/wonder/alarm/terror/horror/delight ……地
by air/bicycle/boat/bus/car// plane/train 坐……
(2)名词+介词。如:
要求接介词to的名词:key,answer,visit,apology
要求接介词in的名词: interest,satisfaction,faith
要求接介词on的名词: mercy,effect, congratulation
