韩煦+赵亚乾

摘 要：为解决日益加剧的城市洪涝灾害，中国颁布施行《海绵城市建设技术指南——低影响开发雨水系统构建（试行）》，并设立了16个海绵城市建设试点城市。基于试点城市的海绵城市建设，分析了海绵城市建设的关键问题，探讨了海绵城市建设中"海绵体"的有效供应途径。结果表明：“海绵体”的开发是海绵城市建设的关键问题；“海绵体”的有效供应途径有原生“海绵体”的保护、遭到破坏“海绵体”的修护和恢复、低影响开发设施与绿色基础设施的建立、“海绵体”建设用地与建设标准的确定。最后，分析了河南省鹤壁市黑臭水体整治修复、吉林省白城市低影响开发方案和重庆市建设用地与建设标准相结合的海绵城市建设实例，验证了城市“海绵体”开发建设方法的可行性和有效性，以期为海绵城市建设提供参考。

关键词：环境科学；海绵城市；海绵体；低影响开发；洪涝灾害；鹤壁；白城；重庆

中图分类号：TU991.1 文献标志码：A

文章编号：1672-6561（2016）05-0708-07

Abstract：In order to solve the increase of flood disasters in cities， Sponge City Development Technical Guide—Construction of Rainwater System with Low Impact Development（Trial） was enacted in China， and 16 pilot sponge cities were set up. The key problem of the construction of sponge cities was analyzed， and the effective supply ways of “sponge” in the construction of sponge cities were discussed. The results show that the development of “sponge” is the key problem of the construction of sponge cities； the effective supply ways of “sponge” include the natural sponge protection， the restoration of the destroyed “sponge”， the building of low impact development （LID） facilities and green infrastructures （GI） and the establishment of “sponge” construction land and standard. Finally， the restoration of malodorous black river of Hebi in Henan province， the low impact development scheme of Baicheng in Jilin province， and the combination of the construction land and standard in Chongqing city were analyzed. It verifies the reliability and feasibility of the development and construction of “sponge” in cities， and provides the reference for the construction of sponge cities.

Key words：environmental science； sponge city； sponge； low-impact development； flood disaster； Hebi； Baicheng； Chongqing

0 引 言

改革开放以来，中国的经济发展极为迅速，国内生产总值已逐渐处于世界前列，快速的经济发展使城镇化水平不断提高。据统计，2015年中国城镇化率已经达到56.1%，但大规模的城市建设也开始破坏人们赖以生存的生态坏境。近年来，人类利用自然和改造自然的活动逐渐加强，对自然的干预活动越来越剧烈，对城市盲目和过度开发使得不透水路面增多，雨水无法及时下渗和利用，造成了城市内涝和径流污染频繁发生[1]。……