线粒体功能对辅助生殖技术的影响
2016-11-09姜永辉周雪源李艳赵玉
姜永辉 周雪源 李艳 赵玉
【摘要】卵母细胞质量与不孕、发育异常、囊胚数目的减少以及胚胎丢弃有关,而线粒体的功能是影响卵母细胞质量的重要因素,同时也是受精和获得健康后代的重要决定因素。越来越多的女性不孕症患者伴随着诸如糖尿病和肥胖等代谢疾病以及卵母细胞老化等问题,这类人群因为线粒体功能异常,在进行辅助生殖技术助孕的过程中往往也较难取得令人满意的妊娠结局。为了修复卵母细胞质量提高辅助生殖技术的成功率,核置换、极体移植等新技术引起了人们的重视。
【关键词】线粒体;卵母细胞;胚胎发育;新陈代谢;辅助生殖
Influences of mitochondrial functions on assisted reproductive technologyJIANG Yonghui1, ZHOU Xueyuan1, LI Yan1, ZHAO Yu2△. 1. Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China; 2. Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250001, Shandong, China
【Abstract】Quality-compromised oocytes are correlated with infertility, developmental disorders, reduced blastocyst cell number and embryo loss. Mitochondria are critical indicators of oocyte quality and are important for fertilization and development into viable offspring. Increasingly, women affected by metabolic disorders such as diabetes or obesity and oocyte aging are seeking treatment in assisted reproductive technology (ART). However, these patients are difficult to obtain satisfactory outcomes. In order to restore oocyte quality and improve the success rate of ART, new technologies such as nuclear genome transfer and polar body genome transfer have caused peoples attention.
【Key words】Mitochondria; Oocytes; Embryo development; Metabolism; Assisted reproductive technology (ART)
【中图分类号】R711.6【文献标志码】A
生育已经成为一个世界性问题,线粒体功能异常与糖尿病、肥胖[1]及高龄妇女[2]的不孕情况有关。即使是在进行辅助生殖技术助孕过程中,这类妇女的妊娠结局也不够令人满意。
线粒体对卵母细胞功能的影响重大,其功能是评价卵母细胞质量的重要指标。线粒体的主要功能是产生ATP以提供能量。在已分化的体细胞中,ATP主要通过氧化磷酸化途径产生[3,4];在大多数哺乳动物的卵母细胞中主要通过糖酵解途径和磷酸戊糖途径产生。ATP产生途径的变化主要与线粒体结构有关。胚胎形成阶段的线粒体结构从圆形(未成熟)转变为瘦长型(成熟、分化)时,线粒体代谢从主要的糖酵解途径转变成氧化磷酸化途径。和体细胞相比,我们对卵母细胞和提前移植胚胎的线粒体的了解相对较少,但是我们知道卵母细胞和胚胎线粒体的功能异常与不孕和胚胎发育异常有着重要的关系。……
