彭宝英

（吉林省吉林市北华大学东校区，吉林吉林132013）

A study of the symbols in Lord of the Flies

彭宝英

（吉林省吉林市北华大学东校区，吉林吉林132013）

In Lord of the Flies,William Golding exposed human nature is evil and violence by using a large number of symbols vividly.Especially,the transformation of fire just reflects the evolution of human nature from rational to non rational.

Lord of the Flies presenting a group of youths without adult supervision established a seemingly civilized regime，but finally the regime was replaced by brutality and savagery.There are many symbols in the novel，such as the inhabited island symbolizes absolute freedom，the conch shell symbolizes the democracy，the mask or painted face symbolizes the darkness in human nature and so on.But what impress me a lot are three different symbols of fire.

一、Fire for hope

At the beginning，that group of British children arrived on the original island after the crash，the democratically elected leader Ralph proposed make a fire at the top of the hill.At that time the fire was the results of unity and cooperation in the small group of children，was the hope to every child，was the link between the children and civilized society.Through the fire，the children could send a signal to the outside world for help and return to the civilized society.As a result，it was a reflection of the children’s attachment to the civilized society and the desire to return to civilization.Fire became a symbol of civilization and hope，and it was an important symbol of the existence of civilization on the island.It was a bridge from the society of a desert island to a civilized society.It was the fire of civilization，to dispel the darkness，to bring the children hope.

二、Fire for destruction

When children first lit bonfires，they just wanted to set a fire as a signal on the top of the mountain，however，fire quickly spread with the wind，the island soon became a sea of terrible fire.Then，after the Jack gang hunted a wild pore，they set a bonfire and sang and danced around it；they are totally blinded by the slaughter so they killed Simon in the light of blood red fire.At the end of the novel，Jack set fire in order to kill Ralph；the island on fire will fling caution to the winds.The whole Island suddenly became a sea of fire.Where the big fire burned，leaving only the burning desolate tree trunk.The devastating fire at this time exposed the evil in human nature incisively and vividly.The civilization established by the children at the beginning is subsequently reduced to ashes.Ralph could not help crying for the disappearance of morality and the darkness in human nature.

三、Fire for power

The first thought of the children was to establish order after they came to the island.To establish order，it was necessary to establish authority.At the same time，the fire soon became one of the symbols of authority.Therefore，around the use and importance of fire，Ralph and Jack hold different opinions and then developed into a fierce conflict.On the surface，arguments and conflicts were caused by the fire，but in essence，it is the fight for power struggle.Anyone who gained the ownership of fire would become the leader.So，the Jack gang grabbed Piggy’s glasses for his gang to set fire at a dark night. What he robbed from Ralph and Piggy was not a pair of glasses，but the dominion in the island.

In Lord of the Flies，the big fire at the end represents the power of violence and evil gradually swallowed up the organized system and became the rule on the whole island；civilization failed in the contest between civilization and savage.The transformation of three symbols of fire fully reflected the gradual process of the exposure of evil human nature.

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（2）人辰辙：人辰辙即韵母为“en、un、in、ün”的韵辙，发音方法与言前辙类似。如《彩云赋》中的云彩“云”及春雨的“春”，虽说都是以“un”结尾，但真正发的是韵母仍旧是“e”。

5.发花辙、江阳辙与中东辙

（1）发花辙：发花辙以韵母“a”结尾，包含“ia、ua”。如《彩云赋》中的“花、啊”，演唱时，首先明确出声的部位——上口盖，准确出声后直接落在韵母“a”上引腹，一般无字尾，如在句尾需截气收声。

（2）江阳辙：江阳辙以韵母“ang”结尾。演唱时注意加强鼻腔共鸣，让声音穿鼻而出，发出明显的“ng”音后气上收声，如《彩云赋》中的“江”字，先用舌前吐出声母“j”后，过渡到韵母1“i”，然后快速进入韵母2“ang”归韵。“荡”先用舌尖吐出声母“d”后，快速进入韵母“ang”归韵。

（3）中东辙：中东辙以“ong、eng、ing”结尾，与江阳辙同属“穿鼻”韵母，但它鼻音更重。如《彩云赋》中的“程、生”是翘舌发出“ch、sh”后，快速进入韵母“eng”归韵，而“澎”则是双唇爆破发出“p”后进入“eng”收声。

此外，歌曲《彩云赋》还包含有遥条辙的“描、了”等，在演唱时，需在吐出声母后，自然过渡到韵母1“i”，迅速进入韵母2、3“a、o”，归韵时将“a”慢慢收口为“o”，尽量不让“o”成为一个单独的音节。此法收音有渐弱趋势，音较柔和、不生硬。

《彩云赋》是一首典型的二段体，在歌者熟练完成了吐字归韵后，还需根据曲式结构来安排作品的情感脉络，A段以赞美口吻抒发情感，B段则要以歌颂口吻感叹出内心情感。声乐艺术是一门情感艺术，以“字”歌“情”，用语言表达歌曲的思想内涵，清晰准确的吐字归韵使歌声更具生命力、感染力。因此，在演唱中国民族声乐作品时，要尽力做到“以字行腔”、“字正腔圆”。

I561.074

A

1005-5312（2016）29-0084-01

梧州学院科研项目2014D003《中国民族声乐演唱之吐字归韵研究——以王志信声乐作品为例》阶段性成果。