李艳芹　李艳梅　梁茂　陈奇伯　邓志华

摘要 为了更好地筛选昆明绿化树种，优化园林植被群落建设，以清洁区为对照，选定工业区及主城区使用频率较高且生长10年以上的10个树种，测定叶面尘及叶片重金属含量。分析表明，不管是叶面尘还是叶片重金属含量，10个树种均表现为工业区>主城区>清洁区，树高在2～3 m的滞尘量明显高于4～6 m，天竺桂和龙柏分别是阔叶树和针叶树中的滞尘量最高，其在工业区的滞尘量分别是清洁区的10.5和4.5倍，通过相关分析，叶片重金属含量与滞尘呈正相关，随着滞尘内重金属含量的增加而递增，不同树种对重金属的吸净效应不同，针叶树对重金属的吸收比阔叶树强，龙柏对Pb和Zn的富集能力突出，雪松、圆柏、天竺桂对Ni、Cr、Mn的吸收最佳。

关键词 植物；滞尘；重金属；吸净效应

中图分类号 S727.28 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739（2016）05-0212-03

Abstract In order to better screen the dominant tree species and optimize the building of garden plant community. Regarded the clear area as control plot，selected 10 greening tree species which grew more than 10 years and frequently been used in industrial area and main city area，collected the leaves of 10 greening tree species and determined the dust-retention contents and heavy metal contents in above. As the result showed that the dust-retention contents and heavy metal contents in 10 greening tree species all showed that industrial area>main city area>clean area，also，the dust-retention effect was better in 2～3 m than that in 4～6 m，Cinnamomum japonicum Sieb and Sabina chinensis had a great effect among the broadleaved tree species and the coniferous species，their highest dust-retention contents almost reached 10.5 times and 4.5 times compared to clear area. In all greening tree species，every heavy metal elements contents had a positive correlation property and increased with the increase of heavy metals in dust. Different trees had a different superiority to absorb the heavy metal，the coniferous species was better than the broadleaved tree species，Sabina chinensis had a great effect to storage the Pb and Zn，Cedrus，Sabinachinensis and Cinnamomum pedunculatum were top gallant plants which absorbed the Ni，Cr and Mn in three areas.

Key words plant；dust-retention；heavy metals；ability to absorb heavy metals

隨着社会经济和城市化的快速发展，空气颗粒物及重金属污染在工业区和主城区日益凸显。空气颗粒物污染可以直接或间接地危害人体健康，特别是可吸入的颗粒物PM10和PM2.5，由于颗粒物的表面积大，容易吸附大量Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn等为代表的重金属污染物，其重金属可引起心脏病、免疫系统等疾病[1-2]。植物作为一种经济、有效、持久的大气环境污染修复方式，其器官或组织是环境元素的良好收集器[3]，可从环境中吸收或积累生长所必需或非必需元素。从20世纪开始，许多研究者相继对植物修复大气污染开展了大量的研究工作，包括植物滞尘效果、……