徐卫锋

摘要 将沼渣有机肥与不同比例的化肥配制成不同配方的沼渣复混肥，作为小白菜生长的基肥。通过对小白菜生长指标及品质的比较，分析不同配方沼渣复混肥对小白菜生长和品质的影响，选出适合小白菜生长并提高其品质的复混肥配方。结果表明，95%沼渣+5%测土配方肥的施肥处理小白菜产量为53 409.0 kg/hm2，叶色浓绿，VC含量为173 mg/100 g，有利于小白菜的生长和品质的改善。

关键词 小白菜；沼渣复混肥；生长；品质；影响

中图分类号 S634.3 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739（2016）05-0094-02

Abstract Use biogas residue organic fertilizer and different proportion of fertilizer formulated as different formulations of biogas compound fertilizer，as the base fertilizer of Chinese cabbages growth. By comparing the growth index and quality of Chinese cabbage，different formulations of biogas compound fertilizer′s effects on the growth and quality of Chinese cabbage were analyzed，compound fertilizer formula suitable for the growth of Chinese cabbage and improving the quality of Chinese cabbage was selected. The result showed that cabbage yield of 95% biogas residue+5% testing soil for formulated fertilization treatment was 53 409.0 kg/hm2，which had deep green leaves，and the VC content was 173 mg/100 g.So it is beneficial to the growth and quality of Chinese cabbage.

Key words Chinese cabbage；biogas compound fertilizer；growth；quality；effect

蔬菜产业是嘉鱼县优势和主导产业，也是农民增收的支柱产业，蔬菜产业创造的收入超过农民农业收入的70%。传统的蔬菜种植方式是大量使用化肥，不但造成土壤板结，地力下降，而且影响了蔬菜品质。近年来，随着养殖业迅速发展，有机废弃物的产生量日益增加，对环境压力越来越大。为了解决畜牧业对农业面源污染问题，嘉鱼县加快了沼气工程建设，将养殖业产生的畜禽粪采用湿式厌氧发酵工艺进行厌氧发酵，发酵后会产生大量沼渣、沼液等发酵残留物。沼气发酵残留物除了含有丰富的氮、磷、钾等元素外，还含有对农作物生长起重要作用的硼、铜、铁、锰、钙、锌等微量元素以及大量的有机质、多种氨基酸、B族维生素及某些抗菌素等生物活性物质，具有速缓兼备的肥效特性。将沼渣作为有机肥在蔬菜上应用，对于发展安全、营养、无污染、无公害的绿色蔬菜具有积极作用，同时对控制农业面源污染、改善农业生态环境、促进农业循环经济发展具有重要意义。……