程立君 赵艳娟 胡志芳 李世辉 段相程

摘要 研究了自昭通本地分离获得的4株天麻共生萌发菌的生长特性和对昭通乌天麻产量的影响，并与一株外地优良天麻共生萌发菌8103进行了对比。结果表明：各菌株间存在明显差异，菌丝平均生长速率和生物量依次为8103>MH-013>MY-001>XCB017>MY-002；室内萌发试验显示拌种乌天麻种子后萌发效果依次为MY-001>MH-013>8103>MY-002>XCB017，拌种MY-002后种子的生长势最好，MY-001次之；大田栽培试验表现最好的是MH-013，其次为MY-001和8103，MY-002和XCB017较差。4株昭通天麻共生萌发菌中MH-013和MY-001较适合在昭通乌天麻有性繁殖生产中大面积推广。

关键词 天麻；萌发菌；菌株筛选

中图分类号 S567.23+9 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739（2016）06-0066-01

Screen of Gastrodia Elata Seed-germinating Strains in Zhaotong

CHEN Li-jun 1 ZHAO Yan-juan 1 HU Zhi-fang 2 LI Shi-hui 1 DUAN Xiang-cheng 1

（1 College of Chemistry and Life Sciences，Zhaotong University，Zhaotong Characteristic Agricultural Products Research Center，Zhaotong Yunnan 657000； 2 Zhaotong Apple Institute）

Abstract 4 Gastrodia elata seed-germinating strains were separated in Zhaotong.We studied their growth characteristics and their effect on gastrodin production. The results showed that significant differences existed among these strains，average growth rate and the biomass of hypha followed as 8103>MH-013>MY-001>XCB017>MY-002. In indoor experiment，the effect of seed germination followed as MY-001>MH-013>8103>MY-002>XCB017，MY-002 seed growth potential was the best；the second was MY-001. In the field trials，MH-013 was the best strain，the second were MY-001 and 8103，MY-002 and XCB017 were poorer. From 4 Gastrodia elata seed-germinating strains，MH-013 and MY-001 were suitable for Zhaotong gastrodia sexual reproduction and large area promotion in the production.

Key words Gastrodia elata；germinating strains；screen

天麻（Gastrodia elata Blume）為属兰科多年生共生草本植物，无根，无绿色叶片，不能进行光合作用营自养生活。天麻种子细小如粉尘，无胚乳及其他营养贮备，无外源营养供给种子不能发芽，必须依靠小菇属（Mycena）一类真菌侵染后才能正常发芽，其后的生长又需要蜜环菌菌索的侵入提供营养才能继续生长完成其生活史[1]。前期笔者及研究者对昭通乌天麻共生蜜环菌资源进行了调查，对优良菌株进行了分离筛选、生物学特性及DNA分子鉴定[2-4]，并分离得到过2株萌发菌菌株[5]。为进一步提高和稳定天麻产量，需要对促进乌天麻种子发芽的本地萌发菌进行研究，大量研究表明不同萌发菌所提供的营养对天麻种子萌发和种子发芽后形成的原球茎生长均有较大影响，并且不同地域分离得到的萌发菌对天麻种子的发芽率影响也各不相同[6-8]。因此，筛选出昭通本地的优良萌发菌……