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野薄荷组织培养脱病毒技术研究

2016-10-20谢文申付晏昆周露张青华

现代农业科技 2016年6期

谢文申 付晏昆 周露 张青华

摘要 [目的]采用热处理结合茎尖分生组织培养的方法,研究薄荷组培脱毒技术。[方法] 以薄荷組培苗为试材,在高温热处理不同天数后剥取茎尖,进行薄荷花叶病毒脱毒技术研究,同时采用RT-PCR法检测其脱毒效果。[结果]适合薄荷热处理时间为20~45 d,试管苗的成活率可达66.7%~90.0%;32~38 ℃热处理35~45 d剥取0.3~0.5 mm的茎尖进行培养,脱毒率为100.0%。[结论] 热处理结合茎尖培养是一种脱除薄荷病毒的有效途径。

关键词 薄荷;组织培养;热处理;脱毒;RT-PCR

中图分类号 S567.23+5 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739(2016)06-0061-02

Study on Virus-free Technique of Mentha haplocalyx by Tissue Culture

XIE Wen-shen 1 FU Yan-kun 2 ZHOU Lu 1 ZHANG Qing-hua 3

(1 Spice Research Institute of Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming Yunnan 650051; 2 Kunming University; 3 College of Horticulture and Landscape of Yunnan Agricultural University)

Abstract [Objective] The technique of virus-free in Mentha haplocalyx was studied by combing tissue of shoot-tip with heating treatment.[Method] Mentha haplocalyx in vitro was used as test material in this experiment to eliminate by combing tissue of shoot-tip with heat therapy,and detected by indirect RT-PCR method.[Result] The suitable time for heat treatment was 20~45 days,the survival rate of tissue culture seedling was up to 66.7%~90.0%;0.3~0.5 mm shoot-tip with heat treatment by 32~38 ℃ for 35~45 days of Mentha haplocalyx were 100.0% free from CMV and TMV.[Conclusion] Combing tissue of shoot-tip with heating treatment is an efficient way of virus-free in Mentha haplocalyx.

Key words Mentha haplocalyx;tissue culture;heat treatment;virus-free;RT-PCR

薄荷(Mentha haplocalyx Briq),唇形科薄荷属多年草本。性凉味辛,以全草入药;具有清利头目、透疹功能,用于治疗风温初起[1-5]、风热感冒、头痛、麻疹、喉痹、风疹、目赤等症。薄荷是世界三大香料之一[4],在国际市场上,薄荷主要作为食品、化妆品的添加剂,用来增加气味、改善口味等。现阶段,薄荷的市场需求量巨大。但薄荷在生长过程中,由于品种更新缓慢、易感毒、优良性状退化等原因,导致薄荷的产量和经济效益都大大降低[1,5-6]。薄荷的主要病毒是黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)和烟草花叶病(TMV)[7]。

热处理主要是利用病毒和寄主植物对高温忍耐性的差异,当植物组织处于高于正常温度的适当高温环境时[1-5],可部分或完全钝化植物组织中的病毒,但寄主植物组织很少或不会受到伤害。在马铃薯、草莓和葡萄的脱毒研究[8-13]中,热处理结合茎尖培养法的应用最多;而在观赏植物上,热处理在百合、大丽花和罗汉果的脱毒研究[14-19]中也有应用,脱毒效果均很好。……

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