A

Families have always changed. For instance， once the family was the world. In other words， at one time everything a person did took place within the family. The family was a childs only school. The rules set up by the family were the only laws one had to obey， and the family was the only means one had to settle a dispute（纠纷）. The family is still the “world” in some cultures. But in many cultures， these former functions of the family have largely been taken over by other institutions（机构）， such as schools， churches， and governments.

In the past， families changed in other ways. Some scientists believe that when people got food by hunting animals and putting roots and plants together， the nuclear family was the rule. The family had to be small in order to move around and live off the land. When people settled in one place and began to farm to get food， they found that they needed more hands to do the work. The extended family developed in some cultures. Now in addition to their children， people lived together with their parents and even grandparents.

How are families changing today？ The number of nuclear families seems to be increasing everywhere in the world. The number of extended families is going down. One reason for this seems to be that in many cultures today people are leaving farms and villages to find jobs in the city. Extended families are hard to maintain（维持）when people have to be free to move in order to find jobs.

1. In many cultures today， the family ___ .

A. is the world

B. is not an institution

C. does not have any functions

D. has lost many of the functions it used to have

2. Why was the nuclear family the rule in the past？

A. People needed many hands to do farming.

B. The extended family had not been invented yet.

C. People didnt know many ways of hunting animals.

D. The family had to move around to find enough food.

3. Why is the number of extended families going down today？

A. People still like to settle down.

B. Extended families are easy to maintain.

C. Many people are leaving farms to find jobs in the city.

D. There are more and more nuclear families in the world.

4. What can we infer from the passage？

A. Families change because fashions always change.

B. The extended family is getting more and more popular everywhere in the world.

C. Different types of families have developed as different ways of life are accepted.

D. People are leaving villages because they dont enjoy living together with their parents.

B

The Great Fire of London started in the very early hours of September 2nd， 1666. In four days it destroyed more than three-quarters of the old city， where most of the houses were wooden and close together. One hundred thousand people became homeless， but only a few lost their lives.

The fire started on Sunday morning in the house of the Kings baker（面包师）in Pudding Lane. The baker， with his wife and family， was able to get out through a window in the roof. A strong wind blew the fire from the bakery into a small hotel next door. Then it spread quickly into Thames Street. That was the beginning.

By eight oclock three hundred houses were on fire. On Monday nearly a kilometer of the city was burning along the River Thames. Tuesday was the worst day. The fire destroyed many well-known buildings， the old St Pauls and the Guild-hall among them.

Samuel Pepys， the famous writer， wrote about the fire. People threw their things into the river. Many poor people stayed in their houses until the last moment. Birds fell out of the air because of the heat.

The fire stopped only when the King finally ordered people to destroy hundreds of buildings in the path of the fire. With nothing left to burn， the fire became weak and finally died out.

After the fire， Christopher Wren， the architect， wanted a city with wider streets and fine new houses of stone. In fact， the streets are still narrow； but he did build more than fifty churches， among which there was the new St Pauls.

The fire caused great pain and loss， but after it London was a better place： a city for the future and not just of the past.

5. The underlined word “family” in Paragraph 2 means “___ ”.

A. home B. children

C. husband D. wife and children

6. Which of the following were reasons for the rapid spread of the big fire？

a. There was a strong wind.

b. The streets were very narrow.

c. Many houses were made of wood.

d. There was not enough water in the city.

e. People did not discover the fire earlier.

A. a， b B. a， b， c

C. a， b， c， d D. a， b， c， d， e

7. Why did the writer mention Samuel Pepys？

A. Pepys also wrote about the fire.

B. To show that poor people suffered most.

C. Pepys was among those putting out the fire.

D. To give the reader a clearer picture of the fire.

8. How was the fire put out according to Paragraph 5？

A. The King and his soldiers came to help.

B. All the wooden houses in the city were destroyed.

C. People managed to get enough water from the river.

D. Houses standing in the direction of the fire were pulled down.

9. It seems that the writer was sorry for the fact that ___ .

A. some people lost their lives

B. the Kings bakery was burned down

C. many famous buildings were destroyed

D. the birds in the sky were killed by the fire

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

“We started as a group of friends with the same problem： difficulty in our personal life to manage our time， being always in a hurry.” This thought was recently offered by Bruno to explain the origin of The Art of Living Slowly， an organization that he founded two years ago， with his wife， Ella.

Bruno and Ella said they decided to draw more peoples attention to the overlooked idea that “ 1 ”. Last year， they created a new holiday， the first Global Day of Slow Living. Despite its ambitious（雄心勃勃的）name， the event was limited almost completely to Italy， where the couple organized a number of events： a reverse bicycle race in which the last rider was said to be the winner； an afternoon of grandfathers reading poetry to children， etc.

One Monday in late February， the couple staged a New York version of the Day of Slow Living. “ 2 ” Bruno explained. Bruno was wearing a police cap， mirrored sunglasses， and a sandwich board stating， “ 3 ” He flagged down passers-by and handed them postcards printed with fourteen “slowmandments”. For example， No. 4： Write your text message on your cellphone with no symbols and get in the habit of starting with “Dear...”； No.7： 4 Bruno told the passers-by to read them once a day and keep the doctor away.

Many said， “ 5 ” Bruno admitted. But many stopped， they read and said. “This one is good for me， because trying to slow down is like trying to stop smoking.”

When asked about their plans for the future， Bruno and Ella looked at each other and shouted many times the name of the city they had chosen for next years Global Day of Slow Living， “Tokyo！”

A. Time flies.

B. Time is wealth.

C. You should calm down.

D. I cant do this. New York is too fast.

E. Caution！ Speed-walking camera is in action！

F. It has to be a Monday， the worst day to try to slow down.

G. Avoid being so busy that you dont have time for yourself.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

It was already late when we set out for the next town， which according to the 1 was about fifteen miles away on the other side of the 2 .

There we felt 3 that we would find a bed 4 the night. Darkness fell soon after we left the village， but luckily we met 5 as we drove fast along the narrow winding road that 6 the hills. As we climbed 7 ， it became colder and rain began to fall， making it difficult at times to 8 the road. I asked John， my companion， to drive more 9 .

After we had traveled for about twenty miles， there was still no sign of the town which was 10 on the map. We were beginning to get 11 . Then without warning the car stopped. A quick 12 showed that we had run out of petrol. Although we had little food with us， we decided to 13 the night in the car.

Our meal was soon over. I 14 to go to sleep at once， but John， who was a 15 sleeper， got out of the car after a few minutes and went for a walk up the hills. Soon he came back. From the 16 of the hill he had seen， in the valley below， the 17 of the town we were looking for. We at once unloaded（卸）all our luggage and with a great effort， 18 to push the car to the top of the hill. Then we went back to the 19 ， loaded the car again and set off down the hill. In less than a quarter of an hour we were in the town， where we found a 20 quite easily.

1. A. map B. place C. decision D. magazine

2. A. rivers B. hills C. towns D. villages

3. A. surprised B. afraid C. tired D. sure

4. A. at B. in C. during D. for

5. A. everybody B. somebody C. nobody D. anybody

6. A. got to B. arrived at C. led to D. belonged to

7. A. farther B. higher C. later D. faster

8. A. judge B. ignore C. find D. see

9. A. certainly B. forcefully C. slowly D. quietly

10. A. marked B. set C. built D. drawn

11. A. hungry B. worried C. cold D. lost

12. A. attention B. operation C. examination D. information

13. A. spend B. live C. spare D. stay

14. A. asked B. hated C. forgot D. tried

15. A. quick B. easy C. poor D. heavy

16. A. side B. foot C. front D. top

17. A. lights B. school C. bus D. situation

18. A. attempted B. went C. wanted D. managed

19. A. hill B. luggage C. town D. road

20. A. policeman B. friend C. hotel D. cinema

用方框里单词的正确形式填空，使其句意完整，每空一词。

battle endanger extinct habitat

protect reserve struggle ideal

1. He ____ our lives by setting fire to our house.

2. The old man keeps a large ____ of firewood for cold weather.

3. Lake of Heaven is also the natural ____ of a variety of rare birds and mammals.

4. Although the original species becomes ____ ， its genes are carried by the new group.

5. After ____ for a while， the police took the thief to the police station.

6. They are fighting to ____ their country from being settled by foreigners.

7. I am sorry to hear that he died in a ____ which was fought for the independence in 1990.

8. They are doing valuable work which ____ as well as realists want to see done.

下列各句均有1个错误，请改正。

1. Although be young， he is able to cook a delicious meal by himself. ____

2. Tom had single purpose， namely to make much money in whatever way as soon as possible. ____

3. The number of people invited to attend the meeting have risen to 400. ____

4. No waste！ All these used books can sell of much money.

____

1. 他为了救一群小学生而献身，所以他将被永远铭记。（give ones life）

2. 当我抵达车站的时候，火车已经开走了。（arrive）

3. 在工厂，任何破坏规矩的人都会被要求当场离开。（break the rule）

4. 许多动植物处于危险之中，我们应当采取措施去拯救处于险境的动植物。（in danger）