邢再玲，王临虹

(1.中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所，北京 100050;2.中国疾病预防控制中心慢性非传染性疾病预防控制中心，北京 100050)



1 204名已婚护士妊娠结局调查与分析

邢再玲1，王临虹2

(1.中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所，北京 100050;2.中国疾病预防控制中心慢性非传染性疾病预防控制中心，北京 100050)

目的了解护士妊娠结局情况，为采取保护护士生殖健康的干预措施提供参考依据。方法采用整群抽样的方法，随机抽取北京市2家三级综合医院和1家肿瘤医院的1 204名已婚护士，通过护士生殖健康状况调查问卷，调查护士妊娠结局的情况。结果护士所生孩子早产率、死产率在各医院和各科室之间没有统计学差异(χ2值分别为0.06、2.21、4.50、11.96，均P>0.05)，而护士的自然流产发生率在各医院和各科室间有统计学差异(χ2值分别为14.71、14.18，均P<0.05)，肿瘤医院护士自然流产率高于综合医院，ICU护士自然流产率高于其他科室，护士自然流产发生率为14.20%。护士所生孩子出生缺陷率为17.20‰，各医院护士所生孩子的出生缺陷率差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.22，P>0.05)，各医院与北京市出生缺陷率的差异无统计学意义(χ2值分别为2.54、0.02、2.00，均P>0.05)。护士所生孩子死亡率为4.04‰，肿瘤医院护士所生孩子的新生儿死亡率是北京市新生儿死亡率的4倍，其差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.09，P<0.05)。结论肿瘤医院护士妊娠期自然流产发生率高于综合医院护士的自然流产率，肿瘤医院护士所生孩子的新生儿死亡率较高，需进一步对肿瘤医院护士职业卫生防护状况开展深入的调查研究。

护士；妊娠结局；自然流产；出生缺陷

[Abstract]Objectives To investigate the pregnancy outcomes of nurses so as to provide reference for protecting health of nurses. Methods Cluster sampling method was used to randomly select 1 204 nurses from two three-leveled general hospital and one cancer hospital in Beijing. Homemade cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the pregnancy outcomes of nurses. Results There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of preterm birth and stillbirth among different hospitals and departments (χ2value was 0.06, 2.21, 4.50 and 11.96, respectively, allP>0.05), but the difference in the incidence rate of spontaneous abortion was significant in different hospitals and departments (χ2value was 14.71 and 14.18, respectively, bothP<0.05). The incidence of spontaneous abortion of nurses in cancer hospital and ICU was higher. The incidence of spontaneous abortion was 14.20% in nurses. The incidence of birth defects among nurses’ infants was 17.20 ‰, and there was no significant difference in birth defects incidence among nurses in different hospitals (χ2=0.22,P>0.05). There was no significant difference in incidence of birth defects between these hospitals and Beijing (χ2value was 2.54, 0.02 and 2.00, respectively, allP>0.05). The neonatal mortality rate was 4.04 ‰ among infants born by nurses, and it was four times in tumor hospital as much as in Beijing with significant difference (χ2=4.09,P<0.05).Conclusion The incidence of spontaneous abortion is higher among nurses in cancer hospital than in general hospitals, and the neonatal mortality rate is also higher. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct in-depth researches on the status of occupational health protection of nurses in cancer hospital.

[Key words]nurses; pregnancy outcomes; spontaneous abortion; birth defects

护士长期处于高度紧张的工作状态，其工作超负荷、生活不规律、应激源和压力源较多，这给育龄期护士的生殖健康状况带来了一定的影响[1]。为了解护士妊娠结局的情况，为保护护士的生殖健康及改善护士的工作环境,提供参考依据，本研究对北京市的2家三级综合医院和1家肿瘤医院的护士生殖健康状况进行了现况调查，调查结果如下。