李　静　陈结凤　赵惠茹　朱晓晓中国中医科学院眼科医院，北京　100040

挑战性压力和阻断性压力对医院工作者的影响及干预策略探究

李静陈结凤▲赵惠茹朱晓晓
中国中医科学院眼科医院，北京100040

目的 调查不同工作年限、年龄、职称等级和工作岗位的医院工作者的工作压力情况，并分析工作压力对其工作满意度的影响，从而提出压力干预措施，提高工作满意度。方法 通过编制符合医院实际的问卷对医院工作人员进行调查，并对收集到的资料进行分析。结果 医院工作者的压力分为挑战性压力和阻断性压力，医生和护士存在的阻断性压力比其他人员大，随着工作年限的增加，员工面临的阻断性压力和挑战性压力逐渐增大，40岁以上的员工挑战性压力最大。同时，挑战性压力对工作满意度有着显著的正向影响（β=0.270，P＜0.01），阻断性压力对工作满意度有着显著的负向影响 （β=-0.399，P＜0.05）。结论 不同的压力源对医院工作者的工作满意度有重要影响，基于交互作用理论，医院管理应从压力来临前的预防、压力来临时的控制、后期管理三方面进行压力干预，以促进医院工作者工作满意度的最大化。

挑战性压力；阻断性压力；交互理论；压力管理

［Abstract］Objective To investigate the job stress of hospital employees with different working years，age，professional qualifications and operating post，and to analyze the influence of stress on the job satisfaction of hospital employees，in order to provide stress intervention measures to increase job satisfaction.Methods The questionnaire conformed to the hospital's reality was drawn up to investigate the hospital employees，and the collected data was analyzed.Results The stress of hospital employees could be divided into challenge stress and hindrance stress.Compared with other positions，doctors and nurses face bigger hindrance stress.Along with the increase of working years，the hindrance stress and challenge stress faced by such employees were also built up.Employees above 40 years old faced the biggest challenge stress.Meanwhile，the challenge stress had a positive effect on job satisfaction（β=0.270，P＜0.01），while the hindrance stress had a negative effect on job satisfaction（β=-0.399，P＜0.05）.Conclusion Different job stress has important influence on the job satisfaction of hospital employees.Based on the interaction theory，hospital management should intervene through stress prevention，in-time control and later-period management，so as to maximize hospital employees's satisfaction.

［Key words］Challenge stress；Hindrance stress；Interaction theory；Stress management

医生和护士的职业高风险、高技术以及在劳动技术上的高密集性决定了他们承受的工作压力显著高于一般人群。同时，随着经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高，人民群众对健康的需求与医药卫生事业发展以及服务水平之间存在的矛盾日益凸显，这无疑给医院工作者营造了更为紧张的工作氛围。……