陈复明　王戈　程海涛　李兴军

(国际竹藤中心，北京，100102)



新型竹纤维复合材料的研发1)

陈复明王戈程海涛李兴军

(国际竹藤中心，北京，100102)

以备受关注的竹纤维及其新型复合材料为主线，从单根竹纤维到竹束纤维的制备、形貌和性能分析等方面简述了竹材的特性；在此基础上，以芯壳结构竹塑复合材料、竹束单板层积材、竹复合压力管为典型代表，从材料学和工艺学角度对其加工工艺、界面改性、结构设计、物理力学性能,以及中试应用情况进行了阐述与分析。最后从竹纤维的生长性状与物理力学性能关系、大尺寸竹质工程材料及构件开发、竹束单板类集装箱房屋组装技术、异型结构竹纤维复合材料的研发等方面，提出了竹纤维复合材料的未来重点发展方向。

竹纤维；竹塑复合材料；竹束单板层积材；芯壳结构；竹复合压力管

With the bamboo fiber and its composites, we illuminated the morphology, structural characteristics, mechanical properties, testing method as well as environment adaptation in single bamboo fibers and bamboo bundle fibers. We introduced the new-style bamboo fiber reinforced composites, such as bamboo plastic composite, bamboo laminated veneer lumber, and bamboo-based twining pipeline. Along with their processing technology, we summarized interfacial modification, structural design, physical and mechanical properties and application prospects. We pointed out the technology issues and key points regarding with the future research and development for bamboo fiber composites, including relationship between growth performance of bamboo fiber and its physical and mechanical properties, the development and research of large-size bamboo-based engineering material and component, bamboo bundle veneer lumber used for container house and its assembly technology, as well as the special shape and structure made by bamboo fiber.

1　我国竹资源与竹子特性

1.1我国竹资源与产业现状

我国竹子资源丰富，共有30余属530多种，竹林面积达601万hm2，其中福建、江西、浙江和湖南等省占全国天然竹林面积75%，浙江、广东、四川、广西、福建和安徽等省、自治区占全国人工竹林面积77%[1]。竹产业是中国为数不多的，拥有自主知识产权的特色朝阳产业。2013年中国竹产业产值达到1 671亿元，较2001年的210亿元增加了近700%。目前竹产业已形成10余类，100多个系列，近万余种产品，每年竹产品出口贸易额达20亿美元以上，远销欧美等30多个国家和地区。

1.2竹子特性

竹子具有生长快、培育周期短、一次栽培可永续利用等特点。……