李海燕， 张丽平， 王莉， 殷益明， 贾惠娟*

(1.浙江大学园艺系/农业部园艺植物生长发育与品质调控重点开放实验室，杭州 310058；2.湖州市农业局经济作物技术推广站，浙江 湖州 320300)



2种植物生长调节剂对阳光玫瑰葡萄品质的影响

李海燕1， 张丽平1， 王莉1， 殷益明2， 贾惠娟1*

(1.浙江大学园艺系/农业部园艺植物生长发育与品质调控重点开放实验室，杭州 310058；2.湖州市农业局经济作物技术推广站，浙江 湖州 320300)

以3年生阳光玫瑰葡萄(VitislabruscanaBailey ×V.viniferaL. Shine Muscat)为试验材料，研究赤霉素(gibberellin A3,GA3)和N-(2-氯-4-吡啶基)-N′-苯基脲[N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N′-phenylurea,CPPU]2种植物生长调节剂的不同质量浓度、不同配比对阳光玫瑰葡萄坐果和品质的影响。结果表明：使用GA3和CPPU能明显改善阳光玫瑰葡萄易落果、果穗稀疏和产量不稳问题，提高果实无核化程度；GA3和CPPU混合使用较GA3单用显著增加单果质量、穗质量、可溶性固形物含量和硬度；CPPU前期质量浓度过高会增加果实空心率，过低则对果粒膨大效果不显著，CPPU后期使用质量浓度过高会降低果实可溶性固形物含量。综合比较分析，以盛花后5 d用25 mg/L GA3+10 mg/L CPPU的一次性处理,盛花后1～3 d和10～15 d分别用25 mg/L GA3+5 mg/L CPPU、25 mg/L GA3(处理Ⅴ)和25 mg/L GA3+5 mg/L CPPU、25 mg/L GA3+5 mg/L CPPU(处理Ⅸ)的2次处理效果较好。

植物生长调节剂； 阳光玫瑰葡萄； 坐果； 果实品质

Summary Shine Muscat (VitislabruscanaBailey ×V.viniferaL. Shine Muscat) is a diploid table grape cultivar resulted from cross breeding of ‘Akitsu-21’ (‘Steuben’ [V.labruscana] × ‘Muscat of Alexandria’ [V.vinifera] ) with ‘Hakunan’ (V.vinifera) released by National Institute of Fruit Tree Science (NIFTS) in Japan. It has a large berry size, bright yellow-green pericarp, crispy and juicy flesh, musky flavor, high soluble solid content and low acidity. Fruit ripening of Shine Muscat was in middle to late August with a long shelf life. The average mass is 10.0 g and 12.4 g for seeded and seedless fruit production, respectively. The seedless berries can be commercially produced by applying gibberellin A3(GA3) to flower and fruit clusters in full bloom and 10 to 15 days after full bloom, respectively. Under natural conditions, however, the berries of Shine Muscat are smaller, and grape clusters are relatively sparse. Besides, Shine Muscat grape has the problem of rusty spot incidence, which occurs at the maturation stage just before harvest. Tiny reddish-brown blotches appear on the surface of berries and considerably affected its production quality and commodity value.

In this study, 3-year-old Shine Muscat trees were selected as the material, and the effects of different concentrations and collocations of GA3andN-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N′-phenylurea (CPPU) treatments on fruit setting and fruit quality of Shine Muscat grape were studied.

The results showed that co-treatment with GA3and CPPU could significantly improve the fruit setting rate, fruit cluster density, yield stability of Shine Muscat grape; meanwhile, it could also improve the percentage of seedless fruit. The combined use of GA3and CPPU could remarkably increase single fruit mass, spike mass, total soluble solid content (TSS) and fruit hardness. Higher concentration of CPPU in the early stage would result in higher fruit hollow rate. On the contrary, lower concentration of CPPU in the early stage had no significant effect on fruit enlargement. Meanwhile, higher concentration of CPPU in the later stage would decrease the content of fruit soluble solids.

In sum, comprehensive consideration for the fruit cluster compactness, fruit size, sugar degree, aroma component and cost saving, the better co-treatments in production are as follows: 1) 25 mg/L GA3+10 mg/L CPPU for one time at 5 days after full bloom, or 2) 25 mg/L GA3+5 mg/L CPPU at 1-3 days right after full bloom, and 25 mg/L GA3at 10-15 days after full bloom (treatment Ⅴ), or 3) 25 mg/L GA3+5 mg/L CPPU at 1-3 days right after full bloom, and 25 mg/L GA3+5 mg/L CPPU at 10-15 days after full bloom (treatment Ⅸ). The results will provide technical support on solving the key problems during cultivation of the new cultivar Shine Muscat grape.

阳光玫瑰葡萄(VitislabruscanaBailey ×V.viniferaL. Shine Muscat)是日本果树研究所用“安芸津21号”与“白南”杂交育成的新品种，属欧美杂交种[1]。因阳光玫瑰葡萄拥有Steuben血缘，故有典型的欧亚种果皮薄、肉脆、麝香风味浓郁等特点。另外，阳光玫瑰葡萄树势健壮，花芽分化好，抗病性强，近年来在我国南方种植面积不断扩大[2]。但阳光玫瑰在自然坐果条件下，果粒较小，果穗稀疏且果皮易出现锈斑，严重影响其产量、品质和商品性，限制了它的推广应用。……