鼻咽癌患者在放化疗期间营养失调的饮食干预进展
2016-08-05黄秋妹
黄秋妹
[摘要]临床中不管是放射治疗还是化疗,均会引起患者出现各式各样的并发症,其中营养失调就是其并发症之一。该文针对鼻咽癌患者在放化疗期间出现的胃肠道反应、电解质紊乱、口咽疼痛、体重减轻及低蛋白血症等与营养失调有关的症状所进行的饮食干预进行了综述,明确营养护理在鼻咽癌患者放化疗期间的重要性与必要性,为临床工作者有效应用饮食干预改善营养失调、促进患者康复提供循证依据。
[关键词]鼻咽癌患者;放化疗;营养失调;饮食干预
[中图分类号] R473.73 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2016)06(b)-0011-03
Progress dietary intervention of nutritional disorders in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma during radiotherapy and chemotherapy
HUANG Qiu-mei
Radiotherapy Ⅱ,Red Cross Society Hospital of Wuzhou City in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,Wuzhou 543002,China
[Abstract]In the procedure of clinical treatment,radiotherapy and chemotherapy can lead to various complications of patients,and malnutrition is one of the complications.This paper reviewed the dietary intervention for the symptoms associated with nutritional disorders including gastrointestinal reaction,electrolyte disorder,oropharyngeal pain,weight losing and hypoproteinemia during radiotherapy and chemotherapy of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma;cleared the importance and necessity of dietary nursing for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma during radiotherapy and chemotherapy;and provided the evidence to apply dietary intervention to improving nutritional disorders and promoting patient recovery.
[Key words]Nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients;Chemotherapy;Malnutrition;Dietary intervention
鼻咽癌在中国南方是较常见的恶性肿瘤之一。据临床统计,约70%患者在初诊时为Ⅲ、Ⅳ期患者[1]。目前首选治疗手段是以放射治疗为主、化疗为辅的综合治疗方法,在有效杀死肿瘤细胞的同时,也会对正常组织细胞造成一定伤害,会引起患者出现各式各样的并发症,其中营养失调就是其并发症之一。营养失调可致患者体质显著下降,甚至将导致治疗计划的中断,影响患者的治疗与预后。鉴此,医护人员不得不采取行之有效的措施进行干预。现对在放化疗期间出现胃肠道反应、电解质紊乱、口咽疼痛、体重减轻及低蛋白血症等与营养失调有关的症状的鼻咽癌患者进行饮食干预综述如下,为有效应用饮食干预改善营养失调、促进患者康复的临床工作者提供循证依据。
1鼻咽癌患者放化疗期间导致营养失调的原因
1.1胃肠道反应
研……