肖青

引述某人的话一般采用两种形式：一种是直接引语，即原封不动地引用原话，把它放在引号内；另一种是间接引语，即用自己的话加以转述，被转述的内容不放在引号内。下面我们一起来学习几种直接引语转换为间接引语的技巧。

一、人称的转换

1. 直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三人称

如：He said，“I am very sorry.”→He said that he was very sorry.

2. 直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，应转换为第一人称

如：“You should be more careful next time.”my father told me.→ My father told me that I should be more careful the next time.

3. 直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说的，要转换成第三人称

如：She said to her son， “Ill check your homework tonight.”→ She said to her son that she would check his homework that night.

4. 人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等

如：He asked me，“Will you go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon？”→He asked me whether I would go to the station with him to meet a friend of his that afternoon.

5. 口诀巧记人称变化

口诀：“一主、二宾、三不变”。

（1）“一主”指当直接引语中的第一人称变为间接引语时，要和主句中的主语在人称上保持一致。

如：He said，“I am forty.”→ He said that he was forty.

（2）“二宾”指当直接引语中的第二人称变为间接引语时，要和主句中的间接宾语保持人称上的一致。

如：He said，“Are you coming tomorrow？”→He asked me if I was coming the next day.

（3）“三不变”指当直接引语中的第三人称变为间接引语时，人称不变。

如：He said，“Is she an English teacher？”→ He asked if she was an English teacher.

另外请同学们注意，直接引语为复数，引述者主语为单数时，间接引语的主语要相应变为复数。

如：He said，“Are you interested in English？”→ He asked us if we were interested in English.

总之，人称的转换不是固定的，具体情况具体对待，要符合逻辑。

二、时态的转换

直接引语转换为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即间接引语部分）中的谓语动词在时态方面要做相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际这也是宾语从句对时态的要求），变化如下：

如：“I am very glad to visit your school”，she said. →She said she was very glad to visit our school.

Tom said，“We are listening to the pop music.”→ Tom said that they were listening to the pop music.

Mother asked，“Have you finished your homework

before you watch TV？” → Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV.

He asked the conductor，“Where shall I get off to change to a No. 3 bus？”→ He asked the conductor where he would get off to change to a No. 3 bus.

“Why did she refuse to go there？” the teacher asked. →The teacher asked why she had refused to go there.

三、 句子结构的变化

1. 直接引语为陈述句时，用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。……