基于部分信用支付的零售商最优订购策略研究
2016-08-03张冲
张冲
摘 要:传统的基于信用支付的供应链库存模型,假设允许下游零售商将所有订购费用于信用支付期时支付给上游供应商。但在现实中,供应商为了控制自己的风险,零售商在提交订单时需要支付一部分货款,剩余货款可以允许在信用支付期时支付。考虑顾客需求依赖于信用支付期条件下,构建部分信用支付下的零售商最优订购策略模型,讨论了模型最优解的存在性,并提供了寻求模型最优解的简单方法。最后给出了算例,对模型进行验证。
关键词:供应链;订购策略;部分信用支付;顾客需求
中图分类号:F253 文献标识码:A
Abstract: In several recent investigations dealing with the economic order quantity with permissible delay in payments, it is assumed the supplier offer the retailer fully permissible delay in payments independent of the order quantity. But, in reality, the retailer must make a partial payment to the supplier when the order is received to enjoy some portion of the trade credit. Then, the retailer must pay off the remaining balances at the end of the permissible delay period. Considering customer demand depends on the credit payment period, we model the retailer's inventory system as a cost minimization problem to determine the retailer's optimal inventory cycle time and optimal order quantity. Finally, the sensitivity analysis is executed to investigate the effects of the various parameters on ordering policies and annual costs of the inventory system.
Key words: supply chain; order policy; partial trade credit; customer demand
0 引 言
信用支付(延期支付)是现代商业活动中常见的一种短期商贷方式。上游供应商为鼓励下游零售商购买,提升市场竞争力,会提供给零售商一个信用支付期限,零售商在此期限内不需要付款,还可将销售所得收入积累获得利息收入,信用支付期限过后零售商需为未销售的产品支付占用资金利息。Goyal[1]首先提出在信用支付条件下的经济订购批量(EOQ)模型,在Goyal之后,很多研究者结合现实情况,从不同的假设条件出发,对这一模型进行了改进与拓展。Aggarwal等[2]考虑变质因素对订货决策的影响。Jaber[3]研究了基于延期支付的供应链协调模型,得到供应商和零售商的联合决策可以降低整个供应链系统的成本的结论,文中进一步讨论了使得各方受益的利润分成比例的设计。最近,Cheng等[4]研究了不同金融环境下的零售商最优决策问题。……
