坑外荷载对软土地区基坑开挖变形性状的影响
2016-07-28李玉岐周旋谢康和
李玉岐+周旋+谢康和



摘要:针对基坑开挖时坑外通常存在着建筑材料、车辆和其他荷载的情况,基于Biot三维固结理论开发了可以考虑流固耦合的三维基坑有限元程序,分别研究了坑外荷载大小、荷载施加时间和荷载施加区域对基坑支护结构水平位移、坑外地表沉降和坑底隆起变形的影响。结果表明:荷载大小对基坑支护结构的水平位移、地表沉降和坑底隆起变形影响较大;荷载施加时间和荷载施加区域则仅仅对支护结构水平位移和地表沉降影响较大,对坑底隆起变形影响较小;在对基坑进行工程设计时,应考虑坑边荷载的影响。
关键词:基坑开挖;变形;数值计算;水平位移;地表沉降;软土地区
中图分类号:TU433文献标志码:A
Abstract: Aimed at building materials, vehicles and other loads usually found near foundation pit excavation, based on Biots 3D consolidation theory, a 3D finite element program with considering fluidsolid coupling was developed. The influences of loading size, loading time and loading area on the horizontal displacement of supporting structure, ground settlement around the excavation and basal heave of the excavation were studied respectively. The results show that loading size has great influence on the horizontal displacement of supporting structure, ground settlement and basal heave; loading time and loading area have great influence on the horizontal displacement of supporting structure and ground settlement, however have little influence on the heave deformation of pit base. Therefore, the influence of load should be considered when designing an excavation.
Key words: foundation pit excavation; deformation; numerical calculation; horizontal displacement; ground settlement; soft soil area
0引言
随着城市建设的发展,深基坑工程项目越来越多,其相关研究也越来越多[17],而坑外荷载对基坑开挖的变形性状研究相对较少。《基坑工程手册》和《建筑基坑支护技术规程》都规定了基坑开挖时基坑周边荷载严禁超过设计荷载,设计荷载通常根据经验取值不超过20 kPa。
在坑外荷载对基坑开挖变形的性状影响研究方面,刘素锦等[8]采用假定车辆荷载集中分布和等效等厚土层的计算方法,分析了车辆超载对各种基坑支护形式的影响;林刚等[9]运用PLAXIS软件模拟了不平衡堆载下深基坑开挖全过程,分析了不平衡堆载对基坑两侧支护结构内力和位移的影响;徐长节等[10]则通过一个工程实例,分析了坑边超载以及车辆冲击荷载对既有基坑支护结构内力的不利影响;……
