基于霍尔效应弱磁场测量装置的研制与应用
2016-07-09彭子龙张艺耀李一楠杨建军
彭子龙 张艺耀 李一楠 杨建军



摘 要: 为了解决弱磁场强度测量困难的问题,基于霍尔效应开发了以线性霍尔元件为探头弱磁场测量装置。对磁场测量装置各部分电路模块进行了详细设计,并结合矩形线圈磁场分布特征进行了实测值与仿真理论值的对比分析。结果表明,测量结果与理论值具有较好的拟合程度,该装置测量精度为0.01 mT,测量范围为±10 mT,最大测量误差为0.29 mT,具有测量精度高、操作简单方便、设计成本低等优点,可应用于各类线圈弱磁场强度的检测及逐点测量实验中。
关键词: 霍尔效应; 矩形线圈; 弱磁场; 测量装置
中图分类号: TN304.7?34; TM937 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1004?373X(2016)07?0154?04
Abstract: The low?intensity magnetic field is hard to measure, so the low?intensity magnetic field measurement device taking the linear Hall element as the probe was developed based on Hall effect. The circuit modules of the magnetic field measurement device were designed in detail. The measured value and simulation theoretical value are compared in combination with the magnetic field distribution characteristic of the rectangular coil. The comparison results show that the measured value and theoretical value have perfect fitting degree. The measurement accuracy of the device is 0.01 mT, measurement range is ±10 mT, and maximum measurement error is 0.29 mT. The measurement device has the advantages of high measurement accuracy, easy operation and low cost, and can apply to the detection of various coil low?intensity magnetic fields and point?by?point measurement experiments.
Keywords: Hall effect; rectangular coil; low?intensity magnetic field; measurement device
0 引 言
载流线圈是大量电工设备以及机械加工中不可缺少的装置,是科学研究和工程问题中最常用的一种磁体[1?3]。在线圈磁体的设计与研制中,常需要通过测量线圈空间各点的磁场分布对其性能指标进行评估。随着测量技术的不断发展,磁场强度的测量方法也越来越多,例如磁通门法、磁阻效应法、霍尔效应法等[4?8]。其中霍尔元件以它体积小、结构简单、精度高、线性度好、成本低等优点在科学实验和工程技术中得到了广泛的应用[9?12]。本文根据载流线圈磁场较弱的特点,设计了一种新的磁场测量装置,实现了载流线圈磁场的智能、准确测量。
1 霍尔效应原理
霍尔效应既属于电磁效应的一种,又区别于传统的电磁效应,这一现象最早被美国物理学家霍尔发现。当电流通过一导体且电流的方向垂直于外加磁场时,在与电流和磁场均垂直的方向上会产生一附加的电场,以至于导体的两端会产生电势差,这一现象就是霍尔效应,这个电势差一般也被称作霍尔电势差。……
