珙桐果核和种子的形态结构研究
2016-07-09樊成丽陈发军陈文年
樊成丽+陈发军+陈文年
摘 要:该文用天平称量和游标卡尺测量相结合的方法,对珙桐果核和种子的形态结构进行了研究。结果表明,珙桐内果皮厚度大、致密性较好、缝合线紧密,使得种子受到的机械压迫强度较大,同时也给种子与外界进行物质交换增加了一定的困难;珙桐种子较小,种子与果核的质量比低;种胚的结构完整,分化出了胚芽、胚轴、胚根及子叶结构。珙桐种子萌发率低,其解剖学原因主要是受内果皮厚度及致密性的影响。
关键词:珙桐;果核;内果皮;种子特性
中图分类号 S792.99 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-7731(2016)12-0017-03
Study on the Morphology and Structure of Davidia involucrate Stones and Seeds
Fan Chengli et al.
(College of Life Science,Neijiang Normal University,Neijiang 641112,China)
Abstract:By using an electronic balance and a vernier caliper,morphology and structure of Davidia involucrate seeds and stones were studied. D. involucrate fruits possessed thicker and harder endocarps,and tightly connected carpels,which made seeds in their stones bear stronger mechanical strength and prevented seeds from exchanging materials with the outside environment. D. involucrate had smaller seeds,and the ratio of seeds to stone in each fruit was lower compared with that in walnut. However,the embryo of the species contained complete structure includinggerm,hypocotyl,radicle and cotyledon. We concluded that lower seedgermination of D. involucrate was anatomically attributed to its thicker and stony endocarp.
Key words:Davidia involucrate;Stone;Endocarp;Seed characteristics
珙桐(Davidia involucrate Baill),属于珙桐科珙桐属,是我国特有的单型属植物(有人列入蓝果树科),为高大乔木,是第三纪古热带植物区系的残遗种,非常珍贵,被列为国家一级保护植物[1]。几百万年前的地球上,曾普遍分布着珙桐,但随着第四季冰川时代的来临,气温急剧下降,大部分珙桐都被冰川吞噬而灭绝[2],仅存在少量幸存于中国的中亚热带。
珙桐不仅在理论上具有重要的科学研究意义,而且在林业生产应用方面显示出重要价值,可作为亚热带山地的造林树种和园林绿化树种。关于珙桐的引种和栽培,国外始于19世纪末,我国则是从20世纪60年代开始,主要是移植栽培珙桐的野生苗[2]。在自然环境下,珙桐繁殖能力很差,群落中实生苗非常少[3]。研究表明,珙桐的种子存在生理后熟的现象,野外条件下,珙桐果实成熟落地后,在雨水的冲击下,被埋于地下,使得果核内的种子85%以上均腐烂,或者有些被野兽吞食以至于发芽率极低[4]。……
