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基于心理声学的汽车子系统振动异响评价探究

2016-06-07沈沉刘宇罗俊雄高彰杰

汽车工程学报 2016年3期

沈沉+刘宇+罗俊雄+高彰杰

摘 要:汽车行驶过程中的内饰子系统振动异响会引起乘员的不适与疲劳。现有通过评分或评级的异响主观评价量化方法不利于噪声记录和工程经验积累,而且不同人对声音评价的差异较大。通过对试验结果及心理声学数据进行统计分析,总结出更贴合主观感受的客观评价经验公式,并解释了不同人群对内饰子系统振动异响评价结果不同的原因。试验和分析结果能直接应用于工程开发,具有实际工程意义。

关键词:NVH;振动异响;心理声学;声品质

中图分类号:U467.4+93文献标文献标识码:A文献标DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-1469.2016.03.10

Abstract:The squeak and rattle issue in the automotive interior subsystem can cause discomfort and fatigue for passengers. However, the current subjective evaluation methods, e.g.,the grading method, were unfavorable to recording the noise and accumulating the engineering experience.Furthermore, different people may have quite different evaluations for a single sound. Based on the squeak and rattle experiments and psychoacoustics analysis, an empirical formula of the objective evaluation to fit the subjective experience better was obtained, and also, the reason was explained that different types of crowds may have different subjective evaluation results for the subsystem squeak and rattle test. This new evaluation method has a practical purpose and can be applied in the engineering development.

Keywords:NVH; squeak and rattle; psychoacoustics; sound quality

乘用车的噪声、振动与声振粗糙度(Noise,Vibration,Harshness,NVH)性能直接影响到乘坐舒适性,汽车行驶时的振动异响(Squeak and Rattle,S & R)问题是一种常见的NVH问题,会引起乘员不适与疲劳[1],越来越多的主机厂和供应商开始关心该问题并设法解决。由于行驶时的振动异响源主要来自车辆各个子系统(如仪表板总成、中控台总成、座椅总成、门板总成等),业内已经广泛应用静音振动台模拟路谱,并对汽车子系统施加激励,在半消声室内评估诊断异响源,以求改善整车NVH性能。汽车振动异响是一种主观感受,定义并识别异响在汽车子系统研发和认证过程中十分重要。相关研究已经表明:车内NVH舒适性与响度、尖锐度、粗糙度、抖动度等因素相关[2]。而汽车子系统的振动异响对车内噪声的响度、尖锐度、粗糙度都具有明显的影响,所以研究并改善振动异响具有重要的工程意义。……

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